王洒 余智 余昊
[摘要] 目的 探討[Gly14]-Humanin(HNG)预处理对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后大鼠自由基代谢的影响,分析相关的神经功能保护机制。 方法 将64只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为HNG组、生理盐水组、模型组及假手术组,每组16只。采用改良的Zea-longa线栓法建立大脑中动脉缺血再灌注损伤模型,生理盐水组与假手术组大鼠术前3 d给予3 μL生理盐水连续3 d尾静脉注射,每日1次;HNG组给予100 nmol/L HNG 5 μL,而模型组除正常饲养外术前不接受任何处理。各组大鼠在缺血2 h再灌注24 h后检测脑组织谷胱甘肽(GSH)及丙二醛(MDA)的含量水平、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,原位末端标记染色观察凋亡细胞数并进行统计学分析。 结果 与假手术组相比,其余三组大鼠的GSH含量水平及SOD的活性均降低,而MDA含量水平及细胞凋亡率升高,差异均有显著性(P<0.01~0.05);与生理盐水组及模型组比较,MDA含量水平及细胞凋亡率均降低,而HNG组大鼠的GSH含量水平及SOD的活性均升高,差异均有显著性(P<0.01~0.05)。 结论 HNG预处理减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤过程中的增加脑组织抗氧化物质SOD的活性及GSH含量水平,减少神经细胞的凋亡。
[关键词] 脑缺血再灌注;[Gly14]-Humanin;自由基;细胞凋亡
[中图分类号] R743 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)19-0031-04
Effect and mechanism of [Gly14]-Humanin on free radical metabolism in rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
WANG Sa1 YU Zhi2 YU Hao3 HE Long1 YOU Wenting1 JIANG Tian1
1.Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Wenling City in Zhejiang Province, Wenling 317500, China;2.Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Chun'an County in Zhejiang Province, Chun'an 311700, China; 3.Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medcine, Hangzhou 310000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of [Gly14]-Humanin (HNG) preconditioning on free radical metabolism in rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and to analyze the related mechanisms of neuroprotection. Methods 64 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into HNG group,saline group, model group and sham operation group, with 16 rats in each group.The model of middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion injury was established by the modified Zea-longa suture method. The rats in the normal saline group and the sham operation group were injected with saline 3 μL/day through tail vein for 3 days.HNG group was given 100 nmol/L HNG with 5 μL. The model group did not receive any preoperative treatment except for normal feeding.The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) level in brain tissue of rats were measured after ischemia for 2h and reperfusion for 24 h, and the number of apoptotic cells was observed by in situ end labeling staining in each group. Results Compared with the sham operation group, SOD activity and GSH level in the other three groups decreased significantly, while MDA level and apoptosis rate increased significantly(P<0.01-0.05). Compared with the saline group and model group, SOD activity and GSH level in HNG group increased significantly, while the level of MDA and the apoptosis rate in HNG group were significantly lower(P<0.01-0.05). Conclusion HNG pretreatment can reduce the upward SOD activity and GSH level in brain tissue during process of ischemia-reperfusion injury and reduce the apoptosis of nerve cells.
[Key words] Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion; [Gly14]-Humanin; Free radicals; Apoptosis
既往研究已表明[1-3],脑组织缺血、缺氧后造成组织内氧自由基产生增加,清除能力下降,从而造成胶质细胞的增生和神经细胞不可逆的凋亡,故认为自由基引发的过氧化反应是导致中枢神经细胞缺血损伤后继发损害的主要病理机制之一。同时,相关国内外研究[4-7]进一步提示给予自由基清除剂治疗后,在减轻氧自由基水平的同时可减轻继发性脑损伤,并改善临床预后。
最近文献报道,[Gly-14]-Humanin(HNG)对减少损伤侧大脑半球的梗死体积并改善小鼠大脑中动脉闭塞所致的脑缺血的运动障碍具有重要意义[9];此外,有研究人员揭示了HNG对Aβ(25-35)诱导PC12细胞凋亡具有保护作用,并且发现其与抑制细胞凋亡相关GSK-3β/PI3K-Akt信号途径有关[10],但神经保护具体机制仍不十分明确。本研究应用Humanin衍生物HNG对脑缺血再灌注损伤的大鼠进行预处理,观察其对大脑中动脉缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织氧自由基含量水平及细胞凋亡影响,继续探讨HNG对脑缺血再灌注氧化应激损伤的保护作用及其相关机制,为脑梗死的临床防治研究提供重要的药理依据。
1 对象与方法
1.1 研究对象
1.1.1 实验动物与分组 健康SD大鼠64只,雄性,体重(275±20)g,SPF级,购自浙江大学医学院实验动物中心,许可证号:SYXK(浙)2010-0178。采用随机数字表法分为生理盐水组(16只)、HNG组(16只)、模型组(16只)及假手术组(16只)。
1.1.2 主要试剂、药物与仪器 SOD活性,MDA及GSH含量测定试剂盒(南京建成生物工程有限公司,批号2870702);[Gly14]-Humanin(Sigma公司,美国,批号90161220);原位末端标记(TUNEL)试剂盒(Sigma公司,美国,批号20973559);Labo fuge 400R高速低温离心机(Heraeus公司,德国),FSH-2型高速电动匀浆器(江苏金坛医疗仪器厂)等。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 大脑中动脉缺血-再灌注损伤模型的复制及预处理 参考改良的Zea-longa[11]法,采用线栓復制大鼠左侧大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)再灌注损伤,缺血2 h后直接外拉尼龙线栓使其球端回至颈外动脉内即可完成再灌注,假手术组在术中只暴露和分离出左侧颈外动脉(ECA)、颈总动脉(CCA)及颈内动脉(ICA),不插入尼龙线栓。剔除标准:镜下观察无缺血病理改变者;并发蛛网膜下腔出血者;未到观察时间点死亡者。模型成功判断标准:大鼠苏醒后提尾悬拉后出现右前肢蜷缩屈曲;左侧Horner征,爬行时向右侧跌倒或转圈。建立模型过程中共有3只被剔除,均由备养的SD大鼠补充。模型组除正常饲养外术前不接受任何处理,而HNG组大鼠术前5 d给予100 nmol/L HNG 5 μL[12]连续尾静脉注射,每日1次;假手术组与生理盐水组给予生理盐水5 μL。
1.2.2 检测脑组织匀浆液GSH及MDA含量、SOD活性 4组大鼠随机各抽取8只,距额叶前端4.0 mm和8.0 mm处切片,取中间6.0 mm厚的脑组织块,然后沿此脑块矢状缝两侧旁开约1.5 mm处,从上至下切除两侧大脑半球的正中部分,将左半部制备成10%的匀浆液待测。采用二硫代二硝基苯甲酸法检测GSH含量;硫代巴比妥酸法测定MDA含量;黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定SOD活力。具体操作步骤严格按照试剂盒说明书进行。
1.2.3 观察缺血区神经细胞凋亡 分别取4组其余8只大鼠麻醉成功后即行生理盐水200 mL快速心脏灌洗,续用4℃,4%多聚甲醛溶液300 mL灌注;迅速取出脑组织后浸泡于10%的甲醛溶液中,按常规脱水,透明,石蜡包埋,于视交叉处从前至后连续冠状切片进行TUNEL染色,操作步骤按试剂盒说明书进行。在高倍镜视野(×400)下,细胞核中显示棕黄染色颗粒者即为凋亡细胞,每只大鼠观察5张切片,在图像分析系统上随机计数5个不重复视野中的凋亡细胞数及细胞总数,细胞凋亡率=凋亡细胞数/细胞总数×100%。
1.3 统计学处理
采用SPSS19.0统计软件对实验所得的具体数据进行分析,各项数据用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组间差异采用LSD-t检验,多组间差异采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA);以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 各组大鼠脑组织GSH及MDA含量,SOD活性的比较
与假手术组大鼠相比,HNG组、生理盐水组及模型组脑组织MDA含量水平升高,而SOD的活性及GSH含量水平均降低,差异有显著性(P<0.01~0.05);而HNG组MDA含量水平低于模型组及生理盐水组,而GSH含量及SOD的活性水平高于生理盐水组及模型组,差异亦具有显著性(均P<0.05);生理盐水组及模型组GSH含量水平、SOD的活性及MDA含量水平相仿,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。
2.2 各组大鼠脑组织凋亡细胞表达的比较
光镜下显示假手术组大鼠脑组织未见明显的凋亡细胞表达(封三图1A),生理盐水组及模型组凋亡细胞较多表达(封三图1B、C),而HNG组大鼠脑组织凋亡细胞较生理盐水组及模型组有所减少(封三图1D)。与假手术组相比,HNG组、生理盐水组及模型组凋亡细胞数增多,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05);而HNG组大鼠凋亡细胞数低于生理盐水组及模型组,差异亦具有统计学意义(均P<0.05);模型组与生理盐水组细胞凋亡率的差异比较无显著性(P>0.05)。见表1。
3 讨论
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(收稿日期:2017-12-26)


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