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2012考研英语翻译最后十一题2
2012考研英语翻译最后十一题
UNIT1
The standardizededucational or psychological test that are widely used to aid in selecting,classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and militarypersonnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the dailypress, and even in congress. 71) The target is wrong, for in attacking thetests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed orincompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, withcharacteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specifiedconditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or evenmisleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.
All informed predictions offuture performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance:school grades, research productivity, sales records, or whatever isappropriate. 72) How well the predictions will be validated by laterperformance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of theinformation used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is alwaysincomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.
Standardized tests shouldbe considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method ofgetting some kinds of information about what a person learned, the skills hehas developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has,qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds ofinformation. 73) Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or bothin a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experienceconcerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
74) In general, thetests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be mostprecisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured orpredicted cannot be well defined. Properly used, they provide a rapid meansof getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identifystudents whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there aremany things they do not do. 75) For example, they do not compensate forgross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivilegedyoungster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
2012考研英语翻译最后十一题1答案
UNIT1
71. 把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。
72. 这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。
73. 因此，在某一特定情况下，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是两者同时使用，须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。
74. 一般地说，当所要测定的特征能很精确地界定时，测试最为有效;而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。
75. 例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公;因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。
