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2012考研英语翻译最后十一题2
2012考研英语翻译最后十一题4
2012考研英语翻译最后十一题3
UNIT3
Do animals have rights?This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful,ground-clearing way to start. 71) Actually, it isn’t, because it assumesthat there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the worlddoes not have.
On one view of rights, tobe sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 72) Somephilosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part ofan exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot haverights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, forexactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, thisis only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights notonly to animals but also to some people -- for instance to infants, thementally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear whatforce a contract can have for people who never consented to it, how do youreply to somebody who says “I don’t like this contract”?
The point is this: withoutagreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals isfruitless. 73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invitesyou to think that animals should be treated either with the considerationhumans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is afalse choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is theway we treat animals a moral issue at all?
Many deny it. 74)Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevantrespect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area ofmoral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake-- a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed toother humans.
This view which holds thattorturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely“logical.” In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to rejectit. The most elementary form of moral reasoning -- the ethical equivalent oflearning to crawl -- is to weigh others’ interests against one’s own. This inturn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity formoral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engagesympathy. 75) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’sinstinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouragedrather than laughed at.
2012考研英语翻译最后十一题3答案
UNIT3
71. 事实并非如此, 因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的, 而这种共同认识并不存在。
72. 有些哲学家论证说, 权利只存在在于社会契约中, 是责任与权益相交换的一部分。
73. 这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端, 它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅, 要么完全冷漠无情。
74. 这类人持极端看法, 认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同, 对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
75. 这种反应并不错, 这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用, 这种本能应得到鼓励, 而不应遭到嘲弄。
