点击查看更多：
2012考研英语翻译最后十一题4
2012考研英语翻译最后十一题6
2012考研英语翻译最后十一题5
UNIT5
71) While there arealmost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practicemost closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate andexplain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its owntime and place, each generation of historians determines anew what issignificant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is alwaysincomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The ironyof the historian’s craft is that its practitioners always know that theirefforts are but contributions to an unending process.
72) Interest inhistorical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validityof history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels amonghistorians themselves. While history once revered its affinity toliterature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to affordgreater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewardingapproaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had tobe adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources ratherthan the imperatives of the contemporary world. 73) During this transfer,traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologiesdesigned to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.
Methodology is a term thatremains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 74) There is noagreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historicalwork in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the variousbranches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded bytheir research interests that they have been accused of “tunnel method,”frequently fall victim to the “technicist fallacy.” Also common in the naturalsciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as awhole with certain parts of its technical implementation.
75) It applies equallyto traditional historians who view history as only the external and internalcriticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate theiractivity with specific techniques.
2012考研英语翻译最后十一题5答案
UNIT5
71. 几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。
72. 人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。
73. 在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。
74. 所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。
75. 这种谬误同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派;前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。
