摘要：暑假来咯，考研er你们的暑期复习计划做好了嘛！2021的各位小伙伴可以在暑假里悠哉悠哉地复习英语啦，趁着时间还早，赶快啃一啃这块硬骨头。暑期这么长的时间，复习阅读这块是最好不过啦，帮帮给大家准备了一些阅读理解七大常考点，快来码住~ 1、首末段首末句 1)文章首段首末句往往出“主旨大意题”。因为英语文章的开始往往会采用开门见山的形式提出文章的中心思想。有些时候汇总首段末句出现转折词but，however，yet，则转折后所要表述的内容往往是文章的中心思想，通常成为出题点。 例2010-1 OfallchangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage. Q:Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext? [A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays [B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers [C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism [D]ProminentCriticsinMemory 2)末段首末句，通常对全文再次作总结，由此也会成为考查点。通常会用一些总结性的标志词如：allinall，inshort，toconclude,inconsequence,inaword,asaresult,therefore,accordingly,thus等引。 2、转折词 一些明显的转折词包括but，however,yet(位于句首)，though，onthecontr ary,although/while/inspiteof/despite…等，转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的，而作者往往偏重转折处后面的内容。因此，在阅读过程中看到转折词，考生最好能做上标志以便做题时查找。 例2008-text3 Thetr endinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing. Q:Thetextintendstotellusthat [A]thechangeofhumanheightfollowsacyclicpattern. [B]humanheightisbecomingevenmorepredictable . [C]Americanshavereachedtheirgeneticgrowthlimit. [D]thegeneticpatternofAmericanshasaltered. 3、对比和类比处 作者也经常会把两个事物、两种观点进行对比，从而论证自己观点的正确性。表示对比的一些标志性词语有incontr ast,incomparison,comparedwith等。特别指出的是，只要文章第一段中出现对照和对比的内容，往往将在下文中进行具体讨论，并在文章最后得出结论，这就是文章的出题点。 2008-text1 Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostr esscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatr istatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministr ationHospital. Q:Whichofthefollowingistr ueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs? [A]Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostr ess. [B]Womenarestillsufferingmuchstr esscausedbymen. [C]Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstr ess. [D]Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstr ess. 4、举例处 1)举例子，句子的作用为了支持作者的观点，出现在段落内这些例子往往成为考题点。一般都带有以下标志性词汇：forexample,forinstance,take…asanexample,as,suchas,case,like等。 2)列举：指通过一些顺承关系词，如：first,second,third,furthermore,moreover,besides,inaddition等列出事实或者观点。(见下例1997--text3) 5、因果关系处 因果句通常是作者进行分析和得出结论的地方。英语句子存在前因后果和前果后因，考生一定要弄清楚谁推到谁。出题人为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常把因果关系进行颠倒，出现果变成因，因变成果，要注意选项在此处设下的陷阱，注意区分。 1)表示原因的标志性词：because,becauseof,so,for,since,as,resultfrom,originatefrom,derivefrom,base,basis,reason,aboveall,afterall等。 2)结果：thus，therefore，consequently,inconsequence,asaresult;leadto,attr ibuteto,result,consequence,resultin,cause等 例1997-text3 Firstofall,mostsubstancestakeninexcesswillproducenegativeeffectssuchaspoisoningorintenseperceptualdistortions.Repeateduseofasubstancecanalsoleadtophysicaladdictionorsubstancedependence.Dependenceismarkedfirstbyanincreasedtolerance,withmoreandmoreofthesubstancerequiredtoproducethedesiredeffect,andthenbytheappearanceofunpleasantwithdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstanceisdiscontinued. Q:Physicaldependenceoncertainsubstancesresultsfrom________. [A]uncontr olledconsumptionofthemoverlongperiodsoftime [B]exclusiveuseofthemforsocialpurposes [C]quantitativeapplicationofthemtothetr eatmentofdiseases [D]carelessemploymentofthemforunpleasantsymptoms 6、比喻处 类比在文中主要有两种方式，一是明喻，而是暗喻。出题人往往考查比喻的引申义，而非字面义，所以出现字面意思的选项都是错误的，例如1997的text1用“多米诺纸牌”指代安乐死法案也会在其他国家通过。 7、引用处 说明文或者议论文中经常出现他人的观点来支持论证作者的观点或反驳他人的观点，对于引用话一定要分清是正面支持还是用来反驳的。 例2003-text2 Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“allthatisneededforthetr iumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitd ependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal. Q:TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto________. [A]callonscientiststotakesomeactions [B]criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights [C]warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch [D]showthetr iumphoftheanimalrightsmovement
