Inaquiet，darkenedlectureroom，youbeginafrustr atingfightagainstfatigue.Theoverheadprojectorhums，andyoucannotconcentr ateontheslides.Youstopabsorbinginformationandbecomeabsent-minded.Theprofessorlostyoualongtimeago.Youarebored.
Virtuallyeveryonegetsboredonceinawhile.Mostofuschalkituptoadullenvironment.“ThemostcommonwaytodefineboredominWesterncultureis‘havingnothingtodo.’”sayspsychologistStephenVodanovichoftheUniversityofWestFlorida.Andindeed，earlyresearchintotheeffectsofboredomfocusedonpeopleforcedtoperform.dulltasks，suchasworkingafactoryassemblyline.
Butboredomisnotmerelyannaturalpropertyofthecircumstances，researcherssay.Ratherthisperceptionissubjectiveandrootedinaspectsofconsciousness.Levelsofboredomvaryamongpeople：someindividualsarefarlessliabletoboredomthanothers-andsome，suchasextr overts(性格外向者)，aremorelikelytohavethisfeeling.
Thus，anewgenerationofscientistsiscopingwiththepsychologicalinterpretationsofthismosttediousofhumanemotions-andtheyhavefoundthatitismorecomplicatedthaniscommonlyknown.Researcherssaythatboredomisnotaunifiedconceptbutr athercomesinseveralflavors.Levelofattention，anaspectofconsciousawareness，playsanimportantr oleinboredom，suchthatimprovingaperson'sabilitytofocusmaythereforedecreaseboredom.Emotionalfactorscanalsocontr ibutetoboredom.Peoplewhoarepoorinunderstandingtheirownfeelingsandthosewhobecomesuckedinanddistr actedbytheirmoodsaremoreeasilybored，forexample.
Stayingawayfromtediumisnoteasy.Peoplewhoareliabletoboredomaremorelikelytosufferfromillssuchasdepressionanddrugaddiction；theyalsotendtobesociallyawkwardandpoorperformersatschoolorwork.
Thepurposeofthefirstparagraphisto______.
A．illustr atewhypeoplearelessabletofocus
B．showhowboringalectureinadarkroomis
C．tellpeoplehowfatigueaffectsconcentr ation
D．describeasituationwherepeoplecangetbored
正确答案：D解析：段落大意题。第一段从一开始就在描绘一种情景，“安静的、黑暗的教室里……投影机嗡嗡地响着……你开始变得心不在焉”。由此可知，第一段的目的是描绘一种容易使人厌倦的情景，故选D。
