根据下列文章回答,21~25题。 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setti

根据下列文章回答，21～25题。

Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonautopilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notchoice,buthabitr ulestheunreflectingherd,”WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheeverchanging21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesanegativeimplication.

Soitseemsparadoxicaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtr ainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetr acks.

Ratherthandismissingourselvesasunchangeablecreaturesofhabit,wecaninsteaddirectourownchangebyconsciouslydevelopingnewhabits.Infact,themorenewthingswetr y—themorewestepoutsideourcomfortzone—themoreinherentlycreativewebecome,bothintheworkplaceandinourpersonallives.

Butd on’tbothertr yingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothebrain,they’retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.

“Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,”saysDawnaMarkova,authorofTheOpenMind.“Butwearetaughtinsteadto‘decide,’justasourpresidentcallshimself‘theDecider.’”Sheadds,however,that“todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.”

Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe’reunaware,shesays.Researchersinthelate1960sdiscoveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:analytically,procedurally,relationally(orcollaboratively)andinnovatively.Attheendofadolescence,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstd ecadeorsooflife.

Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought.“ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem—thatanyonecandoanything,”explainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe2006bookThisYearIWill...andMs.Markova’sbusinesspartner.“That’saliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhatyou’regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence.”Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin.

第21题InWordsworth’sview，“habits”ischaracterizedbybeing

A．casual.

B．familiar.

C．mechanical.

D．changeable.