__________[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventi

__________

[A]Otheranthropologistsbelievedthatculturalinnovations,suchasinventions,hadasingleoriginandpassedfromsocietytosociety.Thistheorywasknownasdiffusionism.

[B]Inordertostudyparticularculturesascompletelyaspossible,Boasbecameskilledinlinguistics,thestudyoflanguages,andinphysicalanthropology,thestudyofhumanbiologyandanatomy.

[C]Hearguedthathumanevolutionwascharacterizedbyastr ugglehecalledthe“survivalofthefittest,”inwhichweakerracesandsocietiesmusteventuallybereplacedbystr onger,moreadvancedracesandsocieties.

[D]Theyalsofocusedonimportantr itualsthatappearedtopreserveapeople’ssocialstr ucture,suchasinitiationceremoniesthatformallysignifychildren’sentr anceintoadulthood.

[E]Thus,inhisview,diverseaspectsofculture,suchasthestr uctureoffamilies,formsofmarriage,categoriesofkinship,ownershipofproperty,formsofgovernment,technology,andsystemsoffoodproduction,allchangedassocietiesevolved.

[F]Supportersofthetheoryviewedasacollectionofintegratedpartsthatworktogethertokeepasocietyfunctioning.

[G]Forexample,BritishanthropologistsGraftonElliotSmithandW.J.Perryincorrectlysuggested,onthebasisofinadequateinformation,thatfarming,potterymaking,andmetallurgyalloriginatedinancientEgyptanddiffusedthroughouttheworld.Infact,alloftheseculturaldevelopmentsoccurredseparatelyatd ifferenttimesinmanypartsoftheworld.