Text2With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century a

Text2WiththeextensionofdemocraticrightsinthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcenturyandtheensuingdeclineoftheFederalistestablishment,anewconceptionofeducationbegantoemerge.Educationwasnolongeraconfirmationofapreexistingstatus,butaninstr umentintheacquisitionofhigherstatus.Foranewgenerationofupwardlymobilestudents,thegoalofeducationwasnottopreparethemtolivecomfortablyintheworldintowhichtheyhadbeenborn,buttoteachthemnewvirtuesandskillsthatwouldpropelthemintoadifferentandbetterworld.Educationbecametr aining;andthestudentwasnolongerthegentlemaninwaiting,butthejourneymanapprenticeforupwardmobility.

Inthenineteenthcenturyacollegeeducationbegantobeseenasawaytogetaheadintheworld.ThefoundingofthelandgrantcollegesopenedthedoorsofhighereducationtopoorbutaspiringboysfromnonAngloSaxon,workingclassandlowermiddleclassbackgrounds.Themythofthepoorboywhoworkedhiswaythroughcollegetosuccessdrewmillionsofpoorboystothenewcampuses.Andwiththisshift,educationbecamemorevocational:itsobjectwastheacquisitionofpracticalskillsandusefulinformation.

Forthegentlemaninwaiting,virtueconsistedaboveallingraceandstyle,indoingwellwhatwasappropriatetohisposition;educationwasmerelyawayofacquiringpolish.Andvicewasmanifestedingracelessness,awkwardness,inbehavinginappropriately,discourteously,orostentatiously.Fortheapprentice,however,virtuewasevidencedinsuccessthroughhardwork.Therequisitequalitiesofcharacterwerenotgraceorstyle,butd rive,determination,andasharpeyeforopportunity.Whilecasualliberalityandevenprodigalitycharacterizedthegentleman,frugality,thrift,andselfcontr olcametodistinguishthenewapprentice.Andwhilethegentlemandidnotaspiretoahigherstationbecausehisstationwasalreadyhigh,theapprenticewascontinuallybecoming,str iving,str ugglingupward.Failurefortheapprenticemeantstandingstill,notr ising.

第26题：Whichofthefollowingistr ueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

［A］Democraticideasstartedwitheducation.

［B］Federalistswereopposedtoeducation.

［C］Neweducationhelpedconfirmpeople’ssocialstatus.

［D］Oldeducationhadbeenintunewithhierarchicalsociety.

正确答案：D
推理题。文章第一段第一句指出，随着19世纪上半叶民主权利的扩展以及随之而来的联邦主义机构的削弱，一种新的教育观念出现了。接下来的内容主要是围绕这种新的教育观念展开论述。从第一句话中可以得知，是民主权利的扩展带来了新的教育观念的产生，［A］项颠倒了二者的先后关系，故错误。文中提到“新”的教育观念是在联邦主义机构削弱的情况下产生的，由此可以得出，新的教育观念与联邦主义有些冲突，并不能得出联邦主义者反对整个教育即［B］项的结论。第二句作者指出，教育不再是对人们先前地位的确定，而成了获得更高地位的手段。因此［C］项与文意不符。同时通过该句“不再”(nolonger)可以推断出，从前的教育可以确定人们的社会地位，因此［D］项为正确答案。