PartB
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41—45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
[A]Theseissuescutr ightacrosstr aditionalreligiousdogma.Manypeopleclingtothebeliefthattheoriginofliferequiredauniquedivineact.ButfflifeonEarthisnotunique,thecaseforamiraculousoriginwouldbeundermined.ThediscoveryofevenahumblebacteriumonMars,ifitcouldbeshowntohavearisenindependentlyfromEarthlifewouldsupporttheviewthatlifeemergesnaturally.
[B]Contr arytopopularbelief,speculationthatwearenotaloneintheuniverseisasoldasphilosophyitself.TheessentialstepsinthereasoningwerebasedontheatomictheoryoftheancientGreekphilosopherDemocritus.First,thelawsofnatureareuniversal.Second,thereisnothingspecialorprivilegedaboutEarth.Finally,ifsomethingispossible,naturetendstomakeithappen.Philosophyisonething,fillinginthephysicaldetailsisanother.Althoughastr onomersincreasinglysuspectthatbio-friendlyplanetsmaybeabundantintheuniverse,thechemicalstepsleadingtoliferemainlargelymysterious.
[C]Thereis,however,acontr aryview-onethatisgainingstr engthanddirectlychallengesorthodoxbiology.Itisthatcomplexitycanemergespontaneouslythroughaprocessofself-organization,ffmatterandenergyhaveaninbuilttendencytoamplifyandchannelorganizedcomplexity,theoddsagainsttheformationoflifeandthesubsequentevolutionofintelligencecouldbedrasticallyshortened.Therelevanceofself-organizationtobiologyremainshotlydebated.Itsuggests,however,thatalthoughtheuniverseasawholemaybedying,anopposite,progressivetr endmayalsoexistasafundamentalpropertyofnature.Theemergenceofextr aterrestr iallife,particularly-intelligentlife,isakeytestfortheserivalparadigms.
[D]Similarreasoningappliestoevolution.Accordingtotheorthodoxview,Darwinianselectionisutterlyblind.Anyimpressionthatthetr ansitionfrommicrobestomanrepresentsprogressispurechauvinismofourpart.Thepathofevolutionismerelyarandomwalkthroughtherealmofpossibilities.Ifthisisright,therecanbenodirectionality,noinnatedriveforward;inparticular,nopushtowardconsciousnessandintelligence.ShouldEarthbestr uckbyanasteroid,destr oyingallhigherlife-forms,intelligentbeings,stilllesshumanoids,wouldalmostcertainlynotarisenexttimearound.
[E]Traditionally,biologistsbelievedthatlifeisafreak-theresultofazillion-to-on&accidentalconcatenationofmolecules.Itfollowsthatthelikelihoodofitshappeningagainelsewhereinthecosmosisinfinitesimal.Thisviewpointd e-rivesfromthesecondlawofthermodynamics,whichpredictsthattheuniverseisdying-slowlyandinexorablydegeneratingtowardastateoftotalchaos.Lifestumblesacrossthistr endonlybecauseitisapurestatisticalluck.
[F]Historically,theRomanCatholicchurchregardedanydiscussionofalienlifeasheresy.SpeculatingaboutotherinhabitedworldswasonereasonphilosopherGiordanoBrunowasburnedatthestakein1600.Beliefthatmankindhas-aspecialrelationshipwithGodiscentr altothemonotheisticreligions.Theexistenceofalienbeings,especiallyiftheywerefurtheradvancedthanhumansintellectuallyandspiritually,woulddisruptthiscozyview.
[G]Thediscoveryoflifebeyondearthwouldtr ansform.notonlyoursciencebutalsoourreligions,ourbeliefsystemsandourentireworldview.Forinasense,thesearchforextr aterrestr iallifeisreallyasearchforourselves-whoweareandwhatourplaceisinthegrandsweepofthecosmos.
Order:
41___________________
正确答案：B答案：B
[详细解答]本题的选择可以至少从以下三个角度考虑。其一，本语段的话题为“哲学对于其他生命状态的探索”。其二，本语段的第1个句子中的"wearenotalone"紧密地承接了第1自然段的内容。其三，本段与上一个段落构成了总分关系，即“改变观点”和“世界观”。
