PartC
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentr anslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtr anslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEETII.(10points)
Doanimalshaverights.'?Thisishowthequestionisusuallyput.Itsoundslikeauseful,groundclearingwaytostart.46)Actually,itisn't,becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrights,whichissomethingtheworlddoesnothave.
Ononeviewofrights,tobesure,itnecessarilyfollowsthatanimalshavenone.47)Somephilosophersarguethatr ightsexistonlywithinasocialcontr act,aspartofanexchangeofdutiesandentitlements.Therefore,animalscannothaverights.Theideaofpunishingatigerthatkillssomebodyisabsurd,forexactlythesamereason,soistheideathattigershaverights.However,thisisonlyoneaccount,andbynomeansanuncontestedone.Itd eniesrightsnotonlytoanimalsbutalsotosomepeople—4orinstancetoinfants,thementallyincapableandfuturegenerations.
Inaddition,itisunclearwhatforceacontr actcanhaveforpeoplewhoneverconsentedtoit,howdoyoureplytosomebodywhosays"Idon'tlikethiscontr act"?
Thepointisthis:withoutagreementontherightsofpeople,arguingabouttherightsofanimalsisfruitless.48)Itleadsthediscussiontoextr emesattheoutset:itinvitesyoutothinkthatanimalsshouldbetr eatedeitherwiththeconsider-ationhumansextendtootherhumans,orwithnoconsiderationatall.Thisisafalsechoice.Bettertostartwithanother,morefundamental,question:isthewaywetr eatanimalsamoralissueatall?
Manydenyit.49)Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantr espect,extr emistsofthiskindthinkthatanimalslieoutsidetheareaofmoralchoice.
Anyregardforthesufferingofanimalsisseenasamistake—asentimentaldisplacementoffeelingthatshouldproperlybedirectedtootherhumans.
Thisviewwhichholdsthattorturingamonkeyismorallyequivalenttochoppingwood,mayseembravely"logical".Infactitissimplyshallow:theconfusedcenterisrighttorejectit.Themostelementaryform.ofmoralreasoning—theethicalequivalentoflearningtocrawl—istoweighothers'interestsagainstone'sown.Thisinturnrequiressympathyandimagination:withoutthereisnocapacityformoralthought.Toseeananimalinpainisenough,formost,toengagesympathy.50)Whenthathappens,itisnotamistake:itismankind'sinstinctformoralreasoninginaction,aninstinctthatshouldbeencouragedratherthanlaughedat.
46.____________________
正确答案：[参考译文]事实井非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。
[翻译技巧]省略法，非限制性定语从句的译法。
[翻译点评]it指前文所说事实，which引导的非限制性定语从句是对前面整句话内容的说明。
