【单选题】Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligenceAI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstr uggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkiD、A、growinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentr yingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstr actlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.A、newmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtr ansistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefielD、Imitatingthebrain’sneural(神经的)networkisahugestepinthefightd irection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence."Peopletendtotr eatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtr ansistors,"heexplains."Butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves."Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentd evice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontr oversial.Butifitprovestr ue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto______.A、findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputersB、buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitchesC、findouthowintelligencedevelopedinnatureD、separatethehighestandmostabstr actlevelsofthought
【单选题】Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligenceAI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstr uggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkiD、A、growinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentr yingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstr actlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.A、newmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtr ansistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefielD、Imitatingthebrain’sneural(神经的)networkisahugestepinthefightd irection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence."Peopletendtotr eatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtr ansistors,"heexplains."Butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves."Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentd evice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontr oversial.Butifitprovestr ue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto______.A、findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputersB、buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitchesC、findouthowintelligencedevelopedinnatureD、separatethehighestandmostabstr actlevelsofthought
