1.bedoing/beabouttodo/beonthepointofdoing/haddone…,when…(when：这时,强调一个动作的突然发生)
1).Iwaswalkingalongtheriver,whenIheardadrowningboycryforhelp.
2).Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.
3).Ihadjustfinishedmytestpaperwhenthebellrang,announcingtheexamwasover.
2.Itwas(not)+时间段+before+一般过去时过了一段时间就……
Itwill(not)be+时间段+before+一般现在时要过一段时间才会…
Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since…..
Itwas+点时间+when…..
Itwas+时间状语+that…..(强调句)
1).Itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.不久他就意识到他处境危险(动作已发生)
2).Itwillbehalfayearbeforeyougraduatefromtheschool.还有半年你才从这个学校毕业(动作未发生)
3).Itis3yearssinceheworkedhere.=helefthere.(since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词，要从这个动作结束的时候算起)
4).Itwas3o’clockwhentheyreceivedthetelephone.
5)Itwasat3o’clockthattheyreceivedthetelephone.
3.once…..一旦…..,表示时间和条件
1)Onceyouunderstandwhattheteacherexplained,youwillhavenodifficultydoingthework.
2).Onceyouhavedecidedtodosomething,youshouldfinishitanddoitwell.
4.The+比较级…….，the+比较级……..越……,越……
1)Themorebooksyouread,themoreknowledgeyouwillget.
5.whether….or….无论是….还是….
1).Whethertheweatherisgoodorbad,theywillsetoffastheyplanned.
2).Anyperson,whetheryoungorold,hashisownworth.
6.祈使句+or/otherwise+结果句或祈使句+and+结果句
1).Stopdoingsuchfoolishthing,oryouwillbepunishedintime.
2).Moreeffort,andtheproblemwouldhavebeensettled.
7.everytime/eachtime/nexttime/thefirsttime/anytime等短语引导时间状语从句，表示“每当…..,每次…..,下次…..”
1).Everytimeyoumeetwithnewwordswhilereading,don’talwaysrefertoyourdictionary.(Whenyoumeetwithnewwordseverytime…..
2)Nexttimeyoucome,doremembertobringyoursonhere.
3)Youarewelcometocomebackanytimeyouwantto.
8.Thereis(no)needtodo…../for….(Itis(not)necessaryforsb.todo….
Thereis(no)hope/chance/possibilityofdoing….
Thereis(no)difficulty/trouble/point/delay(in)doing
1).Isthereanychanceofus/ourwinningthematch？
2).Thereisnopointindiscussingtheproblemagain.
Therebe句型：therebe之后如有几个并列主语，be动词的选择要取决于第一个主语，即就近原则。
1).Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.——>Therearetwobooksandapenonthedesk.
Therebe句型中，be动词还有其他变化形式，常见的有：Thereseemtobe,
Therehappentobe,Thereusedtobe,Thereislikelytobe,Therehavebeen/hasbeen等
1).Thereseems/appearstobemuchhopeofourteamwinningthematch.
2).TherehappenedtobenobodyintheroomwhenIcamein.
3).Therehavebeengreatchangesinmyhometownsince1978.
4).Thereusedtobeabusstationatthecornerofthestreet.
5).Therearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanexpectedwhilewearecarryingouttheplan.
9.it强调句：基本构成形式：Itis/was+被强调部分+who/that+原句剩余部分
e.g.:Imethiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.
(ItwasIwho/thatmethiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.(强调是我，不是别人)
(Itwashimwho/thatImetinthestreetyesterdayafternoon.(强调我遇见的是他，不是别人)
(ItwasinthestreetthatImethimyesterdayafternoon.(强调是在大街上，不是在别的地方，强调的是地点，但不用where)
(ItwasyesterdayafternoonthatImethiminthestreet(强调是昨天下午，不是在别的时候,强调的是时间，但不用when)
10.do,did,does用于强调谓语动词，加强语气
1).Heisagoodstudent.——>Hedoesbeagoodstudent
2).Hehelpedusyesterday.(Hedidhelpusyesterday.
3).Becareful!(Dobecareful!
11.not/never…….until直到…..才
1).Thevillagersdidn’trealizehowseriousthepollutionwasuntilallthefishdiedintheriver.
(Itwasnotuntilallthefishdiedintheriverthatthevillagersrealizedhowseriousthepollutionwas.(强调句)
(Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriverdidthevillagersrealizehowseriousthepollutionwas.(倒装句)
12.notonly…..but(also)…..
引导并列结构：主语时，谓语动词与邻近的一个主语保持一致。
1).Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentshavetheireyesexaminedregularly.
2).Theysuggestedweshouldnotonlyattendtheparty,butgiveaperformance.
(Theysuggestedweshouldgiveaperformanceaswellasattendtheparty
notonly…..but(also)…..引导并列句时，notonly引导的部分置于句首时要部分倒装
1).Notonlywaseverythinghehadtakenaway,butalsohisGermancitizenshipwastakenaway.
2).Notonlyshouldwestudentsstudyhard,butalsoweshouldknowhowtoenjoyourselvesinoursparetime.
13.wouldrather+从句(从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语动词用一般过去式，表示现在或将来的愿望;从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的愿望)
1).I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightnow.我想让你现在就把信寄出去。
2).——-Afriendofyourswillcometoseeyoutoday.你的一位朋友今天要来看你。
——-I’dratherhecameheretomorrow.我倒情愿他明天来。
3).I’dratheryouwerenotacelebratedactor.Inthatcase,wecouldspendmoretimetogether.我倒情愿你不是什么名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。
4).I’dratherIhadn’tseenheryesterday.我情愿昨天没见到她。
14.so,neither/nor引导得倒装句
表示“另一者也如如此”及前者的情况也适用于后者，用so,neither/nor引导得倒装句，助动词的选择依据前一句的谓语动词。
1).Hehasfinishedhishomework,sohaveI.
2).Mysisterpreferscoffee,sodoI.
3).Johncan’trideabicycle,neither/norcanI.
若前句的谓语动词既有肯定又有否定形式时，或谓语动词不属于一类时，用Itis/wasthesamewithsb.或Soitis/waswithsb.
1).Heisaworkerandheworkshard,soitiswithJohn.
若后一句是对前一句所说的内容表示赞同或认可，则主语和谓语不倒装。
1).——-Itiscoldtoday.——-Yes.Soitis
2).——-HevisitedTokyolastweek.——-Yes.Sohedid.
15.倍数表达法：
A+谓语+倍数+the+n.(size/height/length……)+ofB
A+谓语+倍数+as+abj.+asB
A+谓语+倍数+adj.比较级+thanB(A+谓语+adj.比较级+thanB+by+倍数
1).Thissquareistwicethesizeofthatone.
(Thissquareistwiceaslargeasthatone.
(Thissquareisoncelargerthanthatone.
2).Thisfactoryproducedthreetimesasmanycarsastheydid10yearsago.
3).Heis3yearsolderthanI-(HeisolderthanIby3years
16.as/with表示“随……进展”，as后面接句子，with后面接短语
1).Withtheindustrydeveloping,thepollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.
(Astheindustrydevelops,thepollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.
17.with的复合结构(作状语或作定语)
with+n.+adj.(with可以省略)
1).(With)thestreetwetandslippery,wehadtorideourbikesslowlyandcarefully.
(Becausethestreetwerewetandslippery,……….
2).Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteacher,(with)theireyeswideopen.
(Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteacher,andtheireyeswerewideopen.
with+n.+adv.(with可以省略)
1).Heputonhiscoathurriedly,(with)thewrongsideout
with+n.+prep-phrase(with可以省略)
1).Theoldmanwasseatedinthesofa,(with)apipeinhismouth.(Also:pipeinmouth)
with+n.+todo/tobedone(动词不定式的动作还未进行)
with+n.+doing/beingdone(动词不定式的动作正在进行)
with+n.+done(动词不定式的动作已经完成或指n.所处的状态)
1).Withsomanyproblemstosettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardyear.
2).Hewaslyinginbed,withhiseyesfixedontheceiling
3).Withthetemplebeingrepaired,wecan’tvisitedit.
18.以here,there,in,out,up,down等副词开头的倒装句(多用一般现在时表示正在进行的动作。)
1).Herecomesthebus!(=Thebusiscominghere!)
2).Awayhewent.他走远了(若主语是代词则主语与谓语不倒装)
19.方位状语位于句首时的倒装句
1).Infrontofthehousestoppedapolicecar.
2).Underthetreesataboy,withabookinhishand.
20.具有否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时句子要部分倒装。常用的此有：little,never,seldom,hardly,rarely,nosooner,innotime,bynomeans,innocase等
1).Notasinglemistakedidhemakeintheexam.
2).Innotimedidthemanrealizewhatwashappening.
3).Innocasecanyoutellhimthetruth.
4).Hardlyhadthetrainleftwhenherememberedhehadlefthissuitcaseonit.
Nosoonerhadthetrainleftthanherememberedhehadlefthissuitcaseonit.
21.themoment,theminute,immediately,directly,ondoing…表示“一….就”
1).onarriving(hisarrival)attheairport,hewassurroundedbythereporters.
2).——-HaveyougiveJohnthebook？——-Yes,themomentIsawhim.
22.while/but：while侧重两者之间的对比，but多指一件事的两个对立面。
1).HelikeslisteningtomusicwhileIlikewatchingTV.
2).Ibadlywantedthatbook,butIhaven’tenoughmoney.
23.onlytodo作结果状语，多用来表示出人意料、结局令人沮丧的结果。动词多是终结性的词，如：find,learn,tobetold,tobecaught等
1).Hisfatherdisappeared,nevertoheardfromagain.
2).Hehurriedtohisoffice,onlytobetoldthathewasdismissed.
24.only+状语的结构放在句首，主句要部分倒装
1).Theteachertoldmethatonlyinthatway,couldIlearnEnglishwell.
2).Ireceivedmymother’scallat11a.m.,onlythendidIrememberitwasmybirthdaytoday.
25.taste,smell,look,sound,feel等感官动词作为系动词后面要接adj.作表语。
1).Appleofthiskindtasteverynice.
2).Smellingnice,thiskindofbreadsellswell.
26.有些动词常用作不及物动词与well或easily连用，表示某物具备的某种特征。常用的词有sell,cut,wash,last,burn等。
1).Hislatestworksellswell
2).Drywoodburnseasily.
27.否定词与比较级连用，表达最高级的含义
1).Ihaveneverseenabetterfilm.
2).Ican’tagreeyoumore.我非常同意
28.It的句型
①.不定式作主语，it作形式主语：
It+系动词+adj./n..+forsb.todo(forsb.表示动词不定式动作的执行者)
It+系动词+adj.+ofsb.todo(ofsb.既表示动词不定式动作的执行者有表示人所具备的性质或特征)
1).It’simportantforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.
2).Howrudeofhimtotreatachildlikethat!
3).It’sthoughtfulofhimtofixusupforthenight.
不定式作宾语，it作形式宾语：
主语+think/consider/believe/make/feel+it+adj./n.+forsb./ofsb.+todo
1).Ifeelitfoolishofhimtobelievesuchaman.
2).Thetimelyrainhadmadeitpossibleforthecropstogrowwell.
Itissaid/thought/hoped/believed…..that……
Sb.issaid/thought/hoped/believedtodo…..
1).Itissaidthatheisstudyingabroad.——>Heissaidtobestudyingabroad.
2).ItisconsideredthatmanycountrieshighlyvalueChina’sroleinhelpingworld’speace.
(ManycountriesisconsideredtohighlyvalueChina’sroleinhelpingworld’speace.
Itistimetodo/Itistimethat+主语+动词的一般过去式该是做…..的时候了
1).Itistimethatweendedthediscussion.
29.虚拟语气中的重点句型
If+were/did(动词过去式)，主语+情态动词(would,could,might,should)+do(用
来表示对现在情况的假设)
①.Idon’thaveacellphone.IfIhadone,itwouldbeconvenientformetocontractothers.
If+haddone(过去完成式)，主语+情态动词(would,could,might,should)+have
done(用来表示对过去情况的假设)
②.IfIhadgonetotheconcert,Iwouldhaveseenthefamoussinger.
If+were/did(动词过去式)，主语+情态动词(would,could,might,should)+do
weretodoshoulddo(用来表示对将来情况的假设)
③.IfIwerenottotake/shouldtake/tooktheexamtomorrow,Iwouldgoshoppingwithyou.
虚拟语气条件句的倒装：在虚拟语气条件句中，如果出现助动词were,should,had，
可省略if,把这些词提到主语前面，变成倒装句。
①.Shouldheactlikethatagain,hewouldbefined.(Ifheshouldactlikethatagain,……
Werehetoactlikethatagain,hewouldbefined.(Ifheweretoactlikethatagain,……
***Ifheactedlikethatagain,……(不可以倒装)
②.Hadthedoctorcomeintimelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.
(Ifthedoctorhadcomeintimelastnight,………..
③.IfIhadtimenow,Iwouldgotothefilmwithyou.(不可以倒装,因为句中的had不是助动词)
Butfor….——>Ifitwerenotfor…../Ifithadn’tbeenfor
①.Butforthedeterminedcaptain,allthepassengersonboardwouldn’thavebeensaved.
(Ifithadn’tbeenforthedeterminedcaptain,allthepassengersonboard……
②.Butforyourrichparents,youwouldn’tlivesuchaeasylife.
(Ifitwerenotforyourrichparents,youwouldn’tlivesuchaeasylife.
再suggest,insist,demand,require,request,order,advise,propose等表示建议、要求、命令、主张的动词引导的名词性从句中，从句的谓语动词要用(should)do的形式
①.MotherinsistedthatJohn(should)gotobedbefore9o’olock.
对比：HeinsistedthatIhadtakenawayhisdictionary.(不是建议、要求、命令或主张)
②.HissuggestionthatTony(should)beinvitedtothepartywasrefused.(同位语从句)
对比：Hiswordssuggestedthathewasveryangrywithme.(不是建议、要求、命令或主张)
30.asif/asthough…..(表示与事实相反，用虚拟;若表示即将成为事实或有可能成为事实，则用陈述语气)
1).Hewasingreattrouble,butheactedasifnothinghadhappened.
2).Althoughtheyjustmetforthefirsttime,theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsformanyyears
3).Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.
31.n./adj./adv./v.+as/though+主语+谓语，……尽管……,…….引导让步状语从句
1).Childasheis,IalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttofollow.
2).Tryashemight,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.
3).MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreewithhisidea.
32.ratherthan
1).Itisbettertoaskforhelpatthebeginningratherthantowaituntilabusyperiodwheneveryoneisrushedofftheirfeet.
2).Itisthebosswhoistoblameratherthantheworkers.
33.疑问词+ever=nomatter+疑问词,引导让步状语从句或名词性从句
1).Whichever(=Nomatterwhich)youlike,youcantakeitaway.(让步状语从句)
Youcantakeawaywhichever(=anyonethat)youlike(名词性从句)
2).Wheneveryoucomes,youwillbewelcome.(让步状语从句)
3).Whateverhappens,Iwillsupportyou.(让步状语从句)
4).Whoeverbreaksthelaw,hewillcertainlybepunished.(让步状语从句)
Whoeverbreaksthelawwillcertainlybepunished.(名词性从句)
5).Howevergreatthedifficultyis,wecanovercomeit.(让步状语从句)
34.if/aslongas/solongas/providingthat/providedthat/supposingthat/onconditionthat假如…..
1).Iwilllendyoumoneyonconditionthatyoucanreturnitwithin3months.
35.giventhat/consideringthat考虑到…..,鉴于……
1).Givenherinterestinchildren/Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,I’msureteachingistherightcareerforher.
2).Consideringhisageandhisexperience,hehasdonewell.
36.incasethat/incaseof…..万一…..,以防…..
1).Incaseoffire,pleasedial119atonce.
2).IncasethatJohncomes/Johnshouldcome,tellhimtowait.
37.cannever/can’t与too,toomuch,enough,over-搭配表示“无论怎样….都不过分”
1).Whileyouaredoingyourhomework,youcan’tbecarefulenough.
2).Heissuchagreatmanthatwecan’tpraisehimtoomuch.
3).WilliamHartleywashandsome,determinedandhardworking,inaword,Icouldn’tspeaktoohighlyofhim.
4).ThedevelopmentofsocietyhasmadeitnecessaryforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish,sowecan’toveremphasizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.
5).Sinceitisagoodthing,wecan’tdoittoosoon.
38.表示过去原打算干，却未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图
hadhopedtodo=hopedtohavedone.。类似的词还有：expect,think,intend,design,plan,mean,suppose等
wouldlike/prefer/lovetohavedone
was/weetohavedone
was/weresupposedtohavedone
1).——-Didyougotoseethefilm“Titanic”lastnight？
——-I’dliketohave,butIhadanunexpectedguest.
2).Theplanewastohavetakeoffat7thismorning,butwasheldupbytheheavyfog.
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