书面表达中的高级结构
一．高级词汇
1、occur替换thinkof
SuddenlyIhadanideathatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.→
Anideaoccurredtomethatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.
Itoccurredtomethatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.
2、devote替换spend
Hespendsallhissparetimeinreading.→
Hedevotesallhissparetimetoreading.
3、seek替换want/lookfor
Theysought(wanted)tohidethemselvesbehindthetrees.
4、average替换ordinary
I’manaverage(ordinary)student.
5、but替换very
Thefilmwesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.→
Thefilmwesawlastnightwasnothingbutinteresting.
Thefilmwesawlastnightwasanythingbutboring.
6、seat替换sit
Onhiswaytoschool,hefoundanoldladyseated(sitting)bytheroad,lookingworried.
7、suppose替换should
Heissupposedto(should)havedrivenmoreslowly.
8、appreciate替换thank
Thankyouverymuchforyouhelp.→
Weappreciateyourhelpverymuch./Yourhelpismuchappreciated.
9．thecase替换true
Idon’tthinkitisthecase(true).
10．on替换assoonas
Assoonashearrived,hebeganhisresearch.→
Onhisarrival,hebeganhisresearch..
11．dueto替换becauseof
Hearrivedlatedueto(becauseof)thestorm.
12．cover替换walk/read
Aftercovering(walking)10miles,weallfelttired.
13．contributeto替换 behelpful/useful
plentyofmemoryworkisundoubtedlyhelpfultoEnglishstudy.→
plentyofmemoryworkwillundoubtedlycontributetoEnglishstudy.
14．roundthecorner替换comingsoon/nearby
①Thesummervacationisroundthecorner(coming).Doyouhaveanyplans？
②LiMingstudiesinaschoolroundthecorner(nearby).
15．cometolight替换discover
Thefamilyweresopleasedwhentheydiscoveredthelostjewels.→
Thefamilyweresopleasedwhenthelostjewelscametolight.
16．haveaball替换haveagoodtime/enjoyoneself
Aftervisitingtheworkshop,wewentbacktoschool.Everyoneofushadaball(hadagoodtime).
17．comeupwith替换thinkof
Jackisveryclever.Heoftencomesupwith(thinksof)newideas.
18．setaside替换save
Somestudentsthinkthattheyshouldsetasidesomeoftheirpocketmoneyforbooks.(2004天津卷)
19．beof+n.替换adj.
Theproductsareofhighquality(verygood)andaresoldeverywhereinChina.
20．referto 替换talkabout/of,mention
Theprofessoryoureferredto(talkedabout)isveryfamous.
21．cannotbut/cannothelpbut替换havetodo
Icouldnotbut(hadto)gohome.
22．moreoftenthannot替换usually
Moreoftenthannot(Usually),themeaningofmanywordscanbeeasilyguessed.
23．lest替换sothat/inorderthat
IwrotedownhistelephonenumbersothatIwouldnotforgetit.→
IwrotedownhistelephonenumberlestI(should)forgetit.
24．belongforsth./belongtodosth.替换wanttodosth./wishfor
Iwanttoseeyouverymuch.→
Iamlongtoseeyou.
25．becaughtupin/becrazyabout/beabsorbedin/beaddictedto替换beinterestedin
Heiscaughtupin(veryinterestedin)collectingstamps.
26．morethan替换very
①I’mverygladtolearnthatyouarecominginSeptember.→
I’mmorethangladtolearnthatyouarecominginSeptember. (NMET2003)
②IfthereisanythingIcandoforyou,Iwouldbemorethangladtohelp.(2004全国卷)
27．perfect(ly)替换good/verywell
Hespeaksperfect(good)English./HespeaksEnglishperfectly(verywell).
28．dosba/thefavor替换help
Wouldyoupleasedomethefavor(helpme)toturndowntheradio？
29．theotherday替换afewdaysago
TheotherdaymybrotherandIwenttothecinemabybicycle.(NMET1997)
30．inthecourseof替换during
Inthecourseof(During)themountain-climbing,pleasehelpeachotherandpayspecialattentiontoyoursafety.
31．themajorityof替换most
Themajorityof(Mostof)theintervieweespreferwatchingTVathometogoingtothecinema.
32．consistof替换bemadeupof
Ourclassconsistsof(ismadeupof)50students.
33．bewornout替换betired/broken
①Afterfivehours’non-stopwork,wewereallwornout(tired).
②Myshoesarewornout(broken).pleasebuymeanewpair.
34．becomeof替换happen
Whatdothinkhasbecomeof(happenedto)him？
35．attendto替换lookafter
36．onconditionthat替换aslongas
37．nevertheless替换however
38．expressone’ssatisfactionwith替换besatisfiedwith
39．sparenoeffortstodo替换tryone’sbesttodo
40．manya替换many
41．berushedoffone’sfeet 替换bebusyindoing
42．ahandfulof替换alittle/some
43．meanwhile替换atthesametime
44．gettoone’sfeet替换standup
45．beneath替换under
46．occasionally替换sometimes/onceinwhile
47．forinstance替换forexample
48．seldom替换notoften
49．wealthy替换rich
50．amazing替换surprising
51．asamatteroffact替换infact
二．高级句型结构
◆It句型
①Itwillbe+sometime+before…
Itwon’tbelongbeforehumansvisittheMars.
②Itis+adj./n.+forsbtodosth.
Itisveryimportantforustolearncomputerwell,becauseithaschangedourlifesomuch.
HesaidsinceitwasanewmodelinChina,itwasimpossibletofixitwithouttherightspareparts.（2008年湖北卷）
③Itis+被强调部分+that…
1) ItiswhatYangLiweihasdonethatencouragesusalot.
2)Thosewholikereadingextensivelysayitisthroughreadingthatwegetourknowledge.
◆more…thananyother表示最高级
Amongtheoptionalcourses,spokenEnglishandcomputerstudyaremorepopularthananyoneelse.
◆名词从句
①Itwouldmeanagreatdealtometolistentothetapeandlearnwhatiscoveredinthetalk.(2004全国卷Ⅲ)
②Myhometownisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.
◆（非限制性）定语从句
①TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet.ItisnotfarfromJianxinChineseSchool.→
TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet,whichisnotfarfromJianxinChineseSchool.(NMET2003)
②Itwasquiteanexperienceforusboth,whichI’llneverforgetfortherestofmylife.(2002北京卷)
◆分词结构
①Idon’tknowaboutothers,butIusedtohavetoworkevenatweekendsdoingendlesshomeworkandattendingclassesaswell.(NMET2001)
②We’llmostlystayathomeintheeveningwatchingTV,playinggames,andmeetingpeople.(2004全国卷Ⅱ)
③Hearingthis,afewpeoplebegantorunafterhim.（2004辽宁卷）
④BorninAmerican,ThomasEdisonwasagreatscientistandinventor.（2008年湖南卷）
◆with结构
①Aterribleaccidenthappenedyesterday,withninepeoplekilledandalmosteightyinjured.
②Hewascarryingabedrollandalargebagonhisshoulder,withalargesuitcaseinhislefthand.
◆倒装句
①Thelibraryistotheeastoftheteachingbuilding.→
Eastoftheteachingbuildingisthelibrary.
②Althoughwearetired,wearehappy.→
Tiredasweare,wearehappy.
③Onlyinthiswaycanhegrowtobeausefulman.(2002上海卷)
④Mayallyourdreamscometrue!Mayourfriendshiplasttilltheendoftheuniverse.!（2007年湖南卷）
◆被动语态
①Opinionsarep>
②Allclassesaretaughtbyteacherswithrichexperienceinteachingforeignstudents.(2004全国卷Ⅳ)
③Newfactories,housesandroadshavebeenbuilt.(2004江苏卷)
◆巧妙的改写
（1）．Only改成noonebut
OnlyTompassedtheexamlastweek.→NoonebutTompassedtheexam.
（2）．assoonas…改成Nosooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…/The momentNosoonerhadwearrivedatthecinemathanthefilmstarted.
（3）．havesb/sthdo/done
Thegirlwasknockedoffherbicycleandhadherlegbroken(herlegwasbroken.).
（4）．变换插入语的位置
①However,theysuggestfeesshouldbechargedlow.→
Theysuggest,however,feesshouldbechargedlow.(NMET2002)
②Ithinkthisisagoodchanceforyoutoshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou’velearnedChinese.→
Thisisagoodchanceforyou,Ithink,toshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou’velearnedChinese.(2004全国卷Ⅰ)
(5).用同位语代替非限制性定语从句
Meimei,whoissevenyearsold,hasbeenlearningtorideabicycleforseveraldays.→
Meimei,agirlofthirteen,hasbeenlearningtorideabicycleforseveraldays. (2002上海卷)
Shakespeare,asonfromapoorfamily,amanoflittleeducation,wroteplaysandpoemsthatarereadallovertheworld.（2008年湖南卷）
◆其它
（1）注重句子的开头
①用with复合结构开头
Withthesunsettinginthewest,wehadtowavegoodbyetotheworkers.
Withhishelp,we'velearnedhowtoanalyzeandsettleproblems.（2006年湖南卷）
Withthefunctionsofinserting,deleting,movingandcopying,itenablesustoedittest,browsewebpageanddownloadwhatwewant.（2009年江苏卷）
②用非谓语动词形式开头
ⅰ）InordertoimproveourEnglish,ourschoolheldanEnglishcontest.
ⅱ）Walkingtowardsthecinema,hemetaforeigner.
（2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好）
◆◆相关过渡语
1).表示时间顺序:first,then,afterwards,meanwhile,later，firstofall,finally,atlast…
2).表示空间顺序:near,nextto,farfrom,infrontof,ontheleft,ononeside…
3).表示比较、对照:like,unlike,suchas,but,however,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,nevertheless,otherwise…
4).表示因果关系:because,for,asaresult,therefore,thus…
5).表示递进关系:besides,what’smore,whatwasworse,moreover,furthermore, inaddition,ontopof…
6).表示并列关系:and,aswellas,also…
7).表示总结性:ingeneral,inaword,inshort,onthewhole,tosumup,inbrief, toconclude…
3
