英语语法,请讲一下一句话后有个逗号,逗号后面的动词形式,

英语语法,请讲一下一句话后有个逗号,逗号后面的动词形式,例如：Nowadays,a large number of women,especially those from the countryside,___in the clothing industry.___填的是work只是个例子,我这一类的都不明白再例如：Since 1994,the glacier in Antarctica has lowered by as much as 90cm,___sea level to rise.___填causing我不是只指这一道题，这是语法的什么部分呢？More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays,____advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.____填taking____into use in Apirl 2000,the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns._____填Put