英语翻译The availability and expensiveness of the indium that is

英语翻译The availability and expensiveness of the indium that is used in chalcopyrite-based thin film solar cells lead to the high production costs of the current large-scale thin film solar cells.Therefore,CZTSe has been studied as a novel absorber material in order to lower the production cost of solar cell devices.In 2009,Zoppi et al.successfully fabricated a CZTSe thin film solar cell with a conversion efficiency of 3.2% under standard AM1.5 illumination.Additionally,Mellikov et al.used CZTSe monograins in a CZTSe solar cell to obtain an efficiency of 2.14% So far,several CZTSe compound preparations,mostly using vacuum deposition and selenization,have successfully been demonstrated for CZTSe films .One report examined the preparation of CZTSe monograins.In this study,CZTSe was synthesized using a simple and cost-effective solid state reaction method in order to prepare a solid/bulk compound CZTSe target material for physical vapor deposition (sputtering or pulsed laser deposition).It is expected in the near future that the synthesized powders could also be used as a starting powder for preparing CZTSe thin films by using non-vacuum method (screen printing,tape casting,etc.).