英语翻译By the end of the 1960s,however,the Chinese had conclude

英语翻译By the end of the 1960s,however,the Chinese had concluded that the international isolation produced by the Cultural Revolution was becoming increasingly dangerous.Throughout the latter part of the decade both China and the Soviet Union had reinforced the military forces deployed along their common frontier ,thus introduces polemical conflict.in1969,the two sides engaged in serious armed clashes over several small islands in the Ussuri River .which separates Chinese Manchuria from Soviet Siberia,as well as at other points along their disputed frontier ,those clashes,plus the precedent of the Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia in August 1968 ,raised the possibility of a large-scale Soviet attack against China in the name of preserving socialism in Peking .At the same time,the Chinese also concluded that the changing fortunes of the Vietnam War had produced a major shift in the international balance of power away from the United States and toward the Soviet Union .by late 1968,it was clear to the Chinese leadership that the United States was losing its struggle in Vietnam and had decided to disengage from the conflict.And a new American administration,under Richard Nixo,seemed willing to seek an accommodation with Peking as a means to bolster its deteriorating strategic position.In this context,China began to redefine its foreign policy,taking three initiatives in the early 1970s that departed sharply from the isolation and radicalism of the Cultural Revolution First,over the opposition of some of China’s military commanders,as well as the radicals who had come to prominence during the Cultural Revolution,Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai began to explore the possibility of improved elations with the United States,in order not only to stabilize the situation along the Sino-Soviet frontier but also to create a new global alignment to contain a Soviet Union that was rapidly becoming more ambitious and more powerful,The Sino-American rapprochement,symbolized by President Nixon’s visit to Peking in February 1972,was hindered by remaining differences between the two countries over Taiwan,and by disagreements over the desirability of détente with the Soviet Union .Nonetheless,while China continued with the Soviet Union.Nonetheless,while China continued to describe the United States as a ‘hegemonic’ and an ‘imperialist’ power,it in fact began to tilt toward Washington in a partial alignment against the Soviet UnionSecond,again over the opposition of radical leaders at home,Peking abandoned the radicalism that had served it so poorly throughout the 1960s in favor of a kind of international reformism more in harmony with the thinking of most Third World governments.China greatly reduced –although it did not yet completely eliminate –its support for leftist insurgencies and revolutionary movements abroad,even going so far as to condemn some of them as reflecting ultraleftist,‘Trotskyist’ tendencies.Instead of an international revolution,Peking began to support Third World demands for a ‘New International Economic Order’ and expressed its willingness to work with established governments in the developing world to achieve such reforms.Rather than denouncing the United Nations,as it had done in the 1960s,China accepted its seat in 1971 quickly and with expressions of gratitude.