辨析 preserve conserve maintain sustain

eversen。相反,背面,反面,倒退adj。相反的,倒转的,颠倒的vt。颠倒,倒转reserven。储备(物),储藏量,预备队vt。储备,保存,保留,预定,预约e。g。can I reserve a room?conservevt。保存,保藏主要意思是(保存：保护从而使其不受损失或伤害；保存)preservevt。保护,保持,保存,保藏保护：使免于损害,危险或伤害而处于安全中；保护保存：保持处于完善或不变的状况中；维持不变保持：保持,维持完好无缺的vi。做蜜饯,禁猎n。蜜饯,果酱,禁猎地,禁区,防护conversen。相反的事物,倒,逆行adj。相反的,颠倒的vi。谈话,交谈,认识这几个就是容易混淆 remain maintain retain sustain reserve preserve1 remain vi。继续存在,保持,仍是,剩下,(人)留下,留待,尚待[+to-v],属于,归属(+with)(后面大多跟形容词)2 maintain vt。维持,保持,维修；坚持,主张,断言[+(that)],供养,抚养;负担,支持,保卫,坚守 3 retain vt。保留,留住,拦住,记住,聘,雇4 reserve vt。储备,保留(+for),预约,推迟作出,暂时不作n。储备(物);储备金;保留(物);储藏量 (+of),保留地;保护区;禁猎区[C],候补[C],克制;沉默寡言;含蓄;冷淡[U],预备军,后备队;预备役军人5 preserve vt。保藏,保存;防腐[(+from)],维护,维持,禁猎,腌(肉等);把。。。做成蜜饯(等食品) [(+in)]（注重保护,不让其灭绝或遭到破坏）n。蜜饯;果酱 [U],(动植物)保护区;禁猎区[C],包揽的事物[C],防护用品;护目镜6 sustain vt。支撑,撑住,供养,维持(生命等); 继续加强,进行下去,蒙受,遭受,忍受,经受住,证实,证明,确认,认可,准许,恰当地扮演,抵挡7 conserve vt。保存,保护,节省；用糖保存,将。。。做成蜜饯；【物】使守恒 n。糖渍食品,蜜饯;果酱[C]首先maintain ,retain和sustain 有各自不同的意思,但其中都有“保持、维持”的意思。这三个词的区别要从各个词的原始（original）意思上去体会细微的意思差别。maintain --keep sth。in existence at the same level,standard。维持（已有的水平、标准）如：I hope you will maintain your recent improvement。我希望你能保持最近取得的进步。Let's maintain peace in the world。让我们来维持世界和平。maintain law and order维持治安maintain prices保持价格稳定retain--keep sth。in one's possession or use。保留 如：This village still retains its old world character。这个村庄仍然保持着古色古乡特色。We retained the original fireplace when we decorated the room。我们装修那个房间时,原来的壁炉保留不动。This cloth retains its color。这布不褪色He is 90 but still retains (the use of)all his faculties。他年已九旬,但各种官能仍未衰退。sustain --keep sb。/sth。alive or in existence（支持、维持生命）,to keep up the strength,spirits or determination of （维持体力/精神/决心）如：The supplies of food were scarcely enough to sustain life。食品的供应仅够勉强维持生命。A light meal won't sustain us through the day。一顿小食维持不了我们一天的精力。Hopes alone sustained him in his misery。他在痛苦之中只有希望鼓励着他。现代英语中也有互用的情况。如：我们也看到“enough food to maintain one's stength”这样的句子。这时maintain =sustain 。