英语代词the one与it的区别

代词one, it that的用法在历届高考题中出现的频率较高,是高考的热点之一。笔者结合自己的教学实践在此谈谈它们的一些具体用法,希望能对同学们有一定的帮助。1。one, it, that常常用来代替或避免重复某个名词。例如： ①I'm looking for a flat。 I'd really like one with a garden。②-Where did you find your watch? - I find it in our classroom。③The population of China is larger than that of any other country。2。one可指人或物,只替代单数可数名词,复数用ones。 One是泛指,但有限定修饰语,如the, this, that…修饰就变成了特指。如：①One must do one's duty。 ②Mary has a red pencil and Jane has a blue one。③The new designs are much better than the old ones。3。that只指物,不指人,可替代可数名词或不可数名词,具有“特指”性质。指的是同类事物中的另一样东西,即同类异物。如：The library of our school is bigger than that of yours。(that代替的是另一个图书馆。)4．One 和that 在代替可数名词时,如果没有前置定语只有后置定语时, the one 和that可互换。但该名词如有前置定语,则只能用the one,而不能用that。例如：①I will take the seat next to the one(=that)by the window。我就坐窗口的那个座位旁边。②I prefer the large box to the small one。(one 不可用that替换 )。 5．That的复数形式those代替可数名词的复数。可指人或物,一般后面跟修饰语。如：①Today's cellphones are smaller than those(=the ones)used in the past。②The students who do best in exam are not always those(=the ones) with the best brains。6。the one(ones)或 that ,those 指代某一名词做定语从句的先行词时,其关系代词which在that之后,which不能省略,而在the one、ones 之后,which可省略。如：①Their problem today is somewhat similar to that which they faced many years ago。7。代替不可数名词时,应该用that。如：The equipment is different from that。8。。it代替上文所提到的名词时,是指同类事物中的同一样东西,即同类事物。如：I have lost my pen。 I'm looking for it。9。it和that可代替前面整个句子的意思,而one却不能；that可引导一个限定性定语从句,代替某个先行词（单复数名词均可）,it和one则不能；it可代替不定式、动名词或从句,用作形式主语或形式宾语,也可用于强调句型中,而one和that则不能。如：①-I will make bed for you。 –It is very kind of you。②Jim said he had read my novel。But that was not possible。③A clock is an instrument that tells time。④The students that surf the Internet will be punished by the teacher。⑤It is nice to see you again。⑥It is no use calling her up。⑦I found it impossible for me to pass the test。⑧It was I who broke your window。