求哥白尼生平介绍,英语

Nicolas Copernicus was born into a well-to-do family,and after his father died in 1483 he was put under the guardianship of his uncle,a bishop of Warmia (Poland)。He went to university in Krakow and spent a decade in Italy,studying law and mathematics。A canon of the cathedral at Frombork,Copernicus carried out administrative duties and,from his house,observed the stars and planets。For years he worked on his theory that the planets in our solar system revolved around the sun (Ptolemy of ancient Greece had explained that the universe was a closed system revolving around the earth,and the Catholic church concurred)。Hesitant to publish his work for fear of being charged with heresy,Copernicus summarized it in 1530 and circulated it among Europe's scholars,where it was greeted with enthusiasm。His work,titled De revolutionibus orbium coelestium was finally published in 1543,apparently just a few weeks before he died。Because Copernicus' heliocentric theory of the planets defied 1,500 years of tradition,some historians mark the publication date of De revolutionibus as the beginning of the "scientific revolution。"。。。It wasn't until 1835 that his work was taken off the list of books banned by the Vatican。。。Another scientist who got in trouble for believing that the earth moved around the sun:Galileo Galilei。哥白尼生于富裕家庭,1483年父亲去世后,其叔父--波兰的一位主教是他的监护人。他在波兰的克拉科夫上大学,之后在意大利呆了十年学习法律和数学。作为波兰北部城镇Frombork天主教堂的律修会修士,哥白尼不仅完成了自己的行政管理职责,而且从自己的住所观测星象。数年来,他从事于自己的理论--在我们的太阳系里所有行星都绕着太阳转--的研究（古希腊的天文学家托勒密解释说：宇宙是一个密闭绕着太阳转的体系。天主教的理论与其不谋而合)。他因为害怕被指控为异端邪说而犹豫不决不敢发表自己的著作,哥白尼于1530年把自己的理论进行概括归纳,并在欧洲的学者中传阅,欧洲学者们反应热烈。他的作品De revolutionibus orbium coelestium最终在1543于他去世几周前得以发表。因为哥白尼的日心说理论否定了1500年来的传统,有些历史学家把他的作品De revolutionibus 的发表日期作为科学革命开始的标志。直到1835年他的作品还被罗马教廷列为禁书……另一位科学家伽利略甚至因为信奉其日心说理论而惹祸上身。1835年他的这部作品才得以解禁。