英语中的先行词什么意思

先行词:是在定语从句中,被定语从句所修饰的名词。例如: He is a teacher who teach our English。在这里定词从句who teach our English是来修饰前面的名词teacher。所以teacher就是一个先行词。 再说下它的用法： 1、先行词指人时,引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that；当其充当宾语时用whom或that,在非正式宾语中也可用who,也可省略。 a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom。 b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li。 b 句可改为：The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li。 2、先行词指物时,引导词用that或which a。They planted the trees which didn’t need much water。 b 。The fish (which)we bought were not fresh。 3、先行词指时间时,引导词用When/on which或in which a。I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing。 b。I'll never forget the year when/ on which we worked on the farm。 4、先行词指地点时,引导词用Where或in which This is the house where/in which we lived last year。 或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year。 5、whose在定语从句中作定语时,可用来指人,也可以用来指物,如: a。This is the boy whose mother died a month ago。 b。This is the house whose windows were broken。此句可改成： This is the house the windoues of which were broken。 6、先行词表示原因时,引导词用why,如: The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike。 二、物殊情况： 尽管有以上基本原则,但要学好定语从句更应注意以下特殊情况； Ⅰ、当定语从句的先行词为表示人的不定代词,如 anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,all, these ,those等时,用who而不用that Those who break the rule are pulished。 Anybody who had eyes could see the elephant was like a snake。 Ⅱ。以who或which作主语的特殊疑问句中先行词指人,引导词只用That,如: a。Who is the person that is standing at the gate ? b。Which of you that knows something about English doesn’t know this word? Ⅲ、先行词指物时引导词用that而不用which的情况: 1、先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时, This is the best composition that has been written in English。 2、先行词是all,something,anything,nothing,everything,little,few,much等不定代词时 There is nothing/little/much that we can do for her。 3、先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时 I’ve read all the books that you gave me。 4、先行词被the only/very等修饰时 This is the very/last place that they visited yesterday。 5、有两个以上先行词,分别表示人或物时 They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited。 6、先行词为基数时 Yesterday I caught two fish,Now you can see the two that are still alive in a basin of water。 Ⅳ。time为先行词时,前边如有序数词修饰时,定语从句引导词用that或什么也不用,如没序数词修饰时,用when或that均可 a。This is the last time(that)I shall give you a lesson。 先行词指人时,引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that；当其充当宾语时用whom或that,在非正式宾语中也可用who,也可省略。 a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom。 b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li。 b 句可改为：The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li。 2、先行词指物时,引导词用that或which a。They planted the trees which didn’t need much water。 b 。The fish (which)we bought were not fresh。 3、先行词指时间时,引导词用When/on which或in which a。I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing。 b。I'll never forget the year when/ on which we worked on the farm。 4、先行词指地点时,引导词用Where或in which This is the house where/in which we lived last year。 或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year。 5、whose在定语从句中作定语时,可用来指人,也可以用来指物,如: a。This is the boy whose mother died a month ago。 b。This is the house whose windows were broken。此句可改成： This is the house the windoues of which were broken。 6、先行词表示原因时,引导词用why,如: The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike。