英语翻译The difference between reality and meaning.For a phenome

英语翻译The difference between reality and meaning.For a phenomenology which wants to be more than the art of careful observation and description,a phenomenology which rather thematizes the modes of appearance of the things in contrast to their self-existence(Selbstsein),the basic formula is not ‘something is’ but rather ‘something appears as something’,i.e.it appears in a specific meaning.And if we take the corresponding behaviour as our point of departure,the formula is not:‘we mean something’,but rather,‘we mean (see,hear,judge,treat,effect) something as something’.This significational difference is the fundamental difference which cannot be undercut and can not be derived from anything else,since any such attempt presupposes it.The ‘as’ is the point on which human behaviour and worldly reality turn.It is a matter of a unity in difference which resists the dualistic conception of external reality and internal consciousness.But it is also a matter of a difference in unity which excludes a reductionist approach.Meaning cannot be reduced to a part of reality; the experienced is not a pure given,as certain forms of realism or positivism would have it (the model of the mirror).This speaks against,for example,a behaviourist theory which reduces sense to physical stimulus.By the same token,reality cannot be reduced to a moment of meaning; that which we experience is not a pure creation,as certain forms of idealism would have it (the model of creation).This speaks against theories of consciousness which take the object to be a pure of X of possible determinations.Rather,reality is constituted in theoretical and practical experience.What we are confronted with here is a horizontal mediation of inner and outer,of the subjective and the objective.Correctly understood,the phenomenological reduction is nothing other than the conscious return to this difference; it serves simultaneously the ‘liberation of the “subject” and the ‘liberation of the “object”’.