英语单词、词组辨析1、other than ,apart from ,except for ,except ,besid

1。except和besides都可解作“除……之外”?但含义不同。except表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去,即从整体中除去一部分”,表示递减的概念,含义是否定的。besides表示“除了……之外,还有……”,指“在整体中加入一部分”,表示递加的概念,含义是肯定的。试比较：①We all went except him。除他之外,我们都去了。(他没有去)②We all went besides him。除他之外,我们大家也都去了。(他也去了)(1)besides常与other／more／else等词连用?except常与all／every／everyone／none／nobody／everything／nothing等总括词连用。eg。He had other people to take care of besidesme。All the students in Class One went to the cinema except Li Ping。(2)若句中没有实义动词do的某种形式?except后接动词不定式?而besides后接动词的-ing形式。eg。I had no choice except to obey／besides obeying his order。(3)若句中有实义动词do的某种形式?二者后面都可以接动词原形。eg。She has nothing to do except／besides go with him。(4)二者后面都可以接从句。eg。①Besides that he explained the theory?he gave us some examples。②He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school。(5)except后面可接for(构成短语except for)或其他介词短语,而besides不能。except for主要有三层含义：①表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定?起部分修正主要意思的作用。eg。Your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes。②表示非同类事物进行比较。eg。The street is empty except for several cars。③置于句首,表达except的含义。eg。Except for this?everything is in order。except for后接名(代)词?可以转移为except＋从句或其他介词短语。eg。The climate here is good except for some rainy days。(except when it rains；except that it sometimes rains；except on the rainy days)注意：二者用于否定句时含义相同,意思是一样的。eg。He did nothing besides (＝except) this。除这件事外,他什么事也没做。2。apart from兼有besides和except for两种含义,后接名词、代词或动名词。3。but含义与except相同,都表示递减的概念,二者在多数情况下可以互换,但用法稍有区别。①except可以代替but?但but并不一定都可以代替except?如果句中有no、all、nobody、who、where等不定代词或疑问词时,多用but?后跟宾语从句时,多用except。②but for含义有时与except for相同,但主要表示“要不是……”,常用于虚拟句,表示一种假设。③but位置的变化会引起人称代词主、宾格的变化。No one but I (＝except me) knows it。No one knows it but me (＝except me)。4。other than含义与except／but相同,都表示从总体中除去一部分?后接名词、代词或不定式eg。In that case?there is nothing you can do other than wait。expand向四周扩展 扩张extend向两端 延伸(上面说两个抽象具体都可以)enlarge扩大体积 使什么东西变大(一般是具体的东西)spread传播(一般是抽象的东西) offer:offer sb sth for pricecharge:charge price for sthregret只有动词和名词,没有形容词,所以书上是错的。正确的说法是feel regretful fo