and后面的人称用主格还是宾格

英语中的人称代词(Personal Pronouns)有主格、宾格和之分,如：I,me,my ; he,him,his ; they,them,their等。顾名思义,主格(The nominative case)用作主语,宾格(The objective case)用作宾语,所有格(The possessive case)则表示所有之物。在实际运用中,主格和宾格代词有时会混淆。下面是常见的问题：⒈在复合结构里,人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时,没有问题,如很少人会犯下这样的错误：*(1)Wilcox spoke to I。*(2)Her knew what had happened。但在复合结构中,错误就难免了,如：*(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I。*(4)He and her knew what had happened。*(5)This is between you and he。这种错误是可避免的。第一,在有介词的复合结构中,特别要注意,第二个人称代词,必须用宾语,如："for you and me"和 "between Maria and him"。第二,试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来,那么该用的格就容易辨别了,如：(6)This message is for (My father and) I or me。(7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together。显然的,(5)里的代词是宾格的"me",(6)里的代词是主格的"he"。⒉在比较结构里,连接词"as"或"than"后面,按理用主格式,但在口语中,人们常用宾格形式,学美式英语者,更是如此：(8)a。You did as well as she。b。You did as well as her。(9)a。I am older than he。b。I am older than him。(a)和(b)两种说法,都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话,这时的人称代词,就必须是主格,如下：(10)You did as well as she did。(11)I am older than he is 。此外,还有一点要注意,就是"as"和"than"后面虽然在语法上用主格好,用宾格也可,但是有时意思会有所不同。试比较(a)和(b)：(12)a。Jason praised Maria more highly than I。b。Jason praised Maria more highly than me。(12)a和b都被接受,但(12)a等于(13)a,而(12)b等于(13)B：(13)a。Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria)。b。Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me。显然,这两句的深层意思大有差别。遇到这种情形,为了避免误解,不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来。换句话说,必要的话,要用(13)这句子。不然,把(13)a变成(14),(13)b变成(15)也可：(14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did。(15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria。英语中的人称代词(Personal Pronouns)有主格、宾格和之分,如：I,me,my ; he,him,his ; they,them,their等。顾名思义,主格(The nominative case)用作主语,宾格(The objective case)用作宾语,所有格(The possessive case)则表示所有之物。在实际运用中,主格和宾格代词有时会混淆。下面是常见的问题：⒈在复合结构里,人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时,没有问题,如很少人会犯下这样的错误：*(1)Wilcox spoke to I。*(2)Her knew what had happened。但在复合结构中,错误就难免了,如：*(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I。*(4)He and her knew what had happened。*(5)This is between you and he。这种错误是可避免的。第一,在有介词的复合结构中,特别要注意,第二个人称代词,必须用宾语,如："for you and me"和 "between Maria and him"。第二,试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来,那么该用的格就容易辨别了,如：(6)This message is for (My father and) I or me。(7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together。显然的,(5)里的代词是宾格的"me",(6)里的代词是主格的"he"。⒉在比较结构里,连接词"as"或"than"后面,按理用主格式,但在口语中,人们常用宾格形式,学美式英语者,更是如此：(8)a。You did as well as she。b。You did as well as her。(9)a。I am older than he。b。I am older than him。(a)和(b)两种说法,都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话,这时的人称代词,就必须是主格,如下：(10)You did as well as she did。(11)I am older than he is 。此外,还有一点要注意,就是"as"和"than"后面虽然在语法上用主格好,用宾格也可,但是有时意思会有所不同。试比较(a)和(b)：(12)a。Jason praised Maria more highly than I。b。Jason praised Maria more highly than me。(12)a和b都被接受,但(12)a等于(13)a,而(12)b等于(13)B：(13)a。Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria)。b。Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me。显然,这两句的深层意思大有差别。遇到这种情形,为了避免误解,不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来。换句话说,必要的话,要用(13)这句子。不然,把(13)a变成(14),(13)b变成(15)也可：(14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did。(15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria。