北极的知识

北极地区是指北极圈范围内的广大地区，位于北纬66度33分以北，介于亚、欧、北美3洲大陆北岸之间。 北极地区包括北冰洋和其中的岛屿，中心点是北极点。其中，陆地面积约800万平方公里，主要有格陵兰岛、加拿大北极群岛、斯瓦巴德群岛、法兰士约瑟夫地群岛、新地岛、北地群岛、新西伯利亚群岛和弗兰格尔群岛等；水域主要为北冰洋，它是地球上最小的洋，面积约1310万平方公里。北冰洋约有700万平方公里终年被冰雪覆盖，平均厚度2．5～4米，夏季也有1．5～3米。

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