besides,except,except for,except that的区别

英语中意思为“除了……”的表达有except／except for／besides／apart from／but／but for／other than等,它们的用法复杂多变、难以掌握,学生常常为之困惑烦恼。本文将对其进行总结、归纳、练习,使学生能够系统地掌握它们的用法,消除学生几多愁。1。except和besides都可解作“除……之外”但含义不同。except表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去,即从整体中除去一部分”,表示递减的概念,含义是否定的。besides表示“除了……之外,还有……”,指“在整体中加入一部分”,表示递加的概念,含义是肯定的。试比较：①We all went except him。除他之外,我们都去了。(他没有去) ②We all went besides him。除他之外,我们大家也都去了。(他也去了) (1)besides常与other／more／else等词连用except常与all／every／everyone／none／nobody／everything／nothing等总括词连用。eg。He had other people to take care of besidesme。All the students in Class One went to the cinema except Li Ping。(2)若句中没有实义动词do的某种形式except后接动词不定式而besides后接动词的-ing形式。eg。I had no choice except to obey／besides obeying his order。(3)若句中有实义动词do的某种形式二者后面都可以接动词原形。eg。She has nothing to do except／besides go with him。(4)二者后面都可以接从句。eg。①Besides that he explained the theoryhe gave us some examples。②He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school。(5)except后面可接for(构成短语except for)或其他介词短语,而besides不能。except for主要有三层含义：①表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定起部分修正主要意思的作用。eg。Your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes。②表示非同类事物进行比较。eg。The street is empty except for several cars。③置于句首,表达except的含义。eg。Except for thiseverything is in order。except for后接名(代)词可以转移为except＋从句或其他介词短语。eg。The climate here is good except for some rainy days。(except when it rains；except that it sometimes rains；except on the rainy days) 注意：二者用于否定句时含义相同,意思是一样的。eg。He did nothing besides (＝except) this。除这件事外,他什么事也没做。except that 后加从句表示“只是” On the whole he is a nice person to work with except that he is careless。总的来说,他是一个很好共事的人,只是有些粗心。2。except for 主要用来谈论不同类的东西,在说明情况后在细节上加以修正,有时含有惋惜之意：His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes。他的作文写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误。except for 常可代替cxcept,用于句首时尤其如此。(except不用于句首)：Except for John,everyone was tired。=Everyone was tired except John。除了约翰外,大家都累了。