portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">摘要portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">】portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">文中结合辽宁省朝阳县小凌河第一湾的现状，对如何解决小凌河的水土保持以及生态治理问题进行研究，对在该区域使用怎样的拦河建筑物最为有利进行了比较。得出portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">对于这种生态蓄水的建筑物，山区河道中泥沙量较大尽量不采取橡胶坝，液压类坝型是比较合适的。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">概况portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">小凌河是辽宁省西部较大河流之一，小凌河西临六股河，南临兴城河、连山河，北部和东部与大凌河毗邻。该河发源于朝阳县的助安喀喇山，自西北向东南流经朝阳、连山、凌海、锦州等市、县（区），于凌海市娘娘宫乡南注入辽东湾，干流河长portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">206 kmportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，流域面积portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5153 kmportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">为改善小凌河第一湾处的水土流失和土壤沙化问题拟建该工程，主要建设内容是在小凌河第一湾处建设一座拦河坝，以保证上游湖区水面。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">拦河建筑物型式选择portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">溢流堰portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">此种型式的拦河建筑物非常常见，造价低廉portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">使用年限较长，在不影响行洪的情况下是国内采用较多的，且施工技术较为简单。其缺点是无法调节水面高度，且必须满足以下三种情况：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">）拦河设障后对行洪影响不大，出现超标洪水时漫滩淹地损失较小。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">）洪水期推移质流沙量少，不存在坝前严重淤积，影响正常引水。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">）河床平坦，以砾石、卵石为主，河床和岸滩都比较稳定，不易出现河流改道。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">拦河闸portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">也就是通过闸门来控制，一般也分为全闸型式与堰闸结合型式。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">首先全闸型式的适用条件如下：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">）坝址处滩地宽阔，洪水期易造成漫滩淹地，甚至河主流改道。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">）洪水期漂浮物、枝柴较多，推移质泥沙量大。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">该建筑物缺点是景观效果一般，投资较大。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第二堰闸结合的拦河建筑物具有较强的泄洪排沙能力，洪水期不易出现河水漫滩和主流改道现象，枯水期又有一定的调蓄水量的功能，由于其造价低于全闸型拦河工程，又可解决灌溉和防洪问题，具有较为广阔的发展前景。其缺点是景观效果不太理想，且可能影响行洪安全。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">液压类翻板坝portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">合页活动坝与液压坝结合，底轴式与中轴式结合。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">这类型式的优点在于：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">）考虑到这类建筑物可以通过调度管理使坝体在洪水来临时完全翻到，对行洪影响极低。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">）活动坝比其他液压类坝型升降时间短便于控制。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">）景观效果比常规水闸要好。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">）该坝型比其他液压类坝型所需要的闸墩少。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">）设置一孔底轴式液压坝便于冲砂。这种坝型价格较高但是控制灵活，同时后期运行管理维护方便。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.4portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">橡胶坝portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">橡胶坝，属薄壁柔性结构，是随着高分子合成材料的发展而出现的一种新型水工建筑物。是用高强度合成纤维织物做受力骨架，内外涂敷橡胶作保护层，加工成胶布，再将其锚固于底板上成封闭状的坝袋，通过充排管路用水（气）将其充胀形成的袋式挡水坝。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">橡胶坝景观效果较好，但造价较高，且山区河道多泥沙与漂浮物不利于橡胶坝运行管理。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">工程建筑物方案比较见表portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">经综合比较分析，结合工程区现场的实际情况，设计选用合页活动坝和液压升降坝组合应用的方案。 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">建筑物设计portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">略portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">结语portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">通过对山区河道的特点的分析，拦河建筑物的选取要考虑以下几点：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">首先要考虑行洪安全，选取可以完全翻到的坝型对行洪是最有利的。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">其次考虑冲砂结构，淤积问题是山区河流的重要问题portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">可以通过经常调节多板面的翻板坝中的一扇来实现。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">然后考虑景观性，既然是生态蓄水景观性也相对重要，翻板类的坝体比之传统的闸坝型式具有更好的景观效果。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">所以对于这种生态蓄水的建筑物，山区河道中泥沙量较大尽量不采取橡胶坝，液压类坝型是比较合适的。这类坝型的组合在运用上应该可以用一块板进行经常性水位流量调节以及冲砂，在汛期来临之前全部翻到行洪。
