题文
Ideas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another. Some societies, such as America and Australia for example, are mobile and very open. People here change jobs and move house quite often. As a result, they have a lot of relationships that often last only a short time, and they need to get to know people quickly. So it's normal to have friendly conversations with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal.On the other hand there are more crowded and less mobile societies where long-term relationships are more important. A Malaysian or Mexican business person, for example, will want to get to know you very well before he or she feels happy to start business. But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much deeper than it would in a mobile society.
To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first. On the other hand, as a passenger from a less mobile society puts it, it's no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don't want to answer.
Cross-cultural differences aren't just a problem for travelers, but also for the flights that carry them. All flights want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service are different from place to place. This can be seen most clearly in the way that problems are dealt with.
Some societies have 'universalist' cultures. These societies strongly respect rules, and they treat every person and situation in basically the same way.
'Particularist' societies, on the other hand, also have rules, but they are less important than the society's unwrinen ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular person. So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person.
This difference can cause problems. A traveler from a particularist society, India, is checking in for a flight in Germany, a country which has a universalist culture. The Indian traveler has too much luggage, but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for his family. He expects that the check-in official will understand his problem and will change the rules for him. The check-in official explains that if he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn't be fair to the other passengers. But the traveler thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don't have his problem.
小题1:Often moving from one place to another makes people like Americarts and AustraliansA．like traveling betterB．easy to communicate withC．difficult 1o make rcal friendsD．have a long-term relationship with their neighbors小题2:People like Malaysians prefer to associate with thoseA．who will tell them everything of their ownB．who want to do business with themC．they know quite wellD．who are good at talking小题3:A person from a less mobile society will feel it_____ when a stranger keeps talking to him or her, and asking him or her questions.A．boringB．friendlyC．normalD．rough小题4:Which of the following is true about "particularist societies"?A．There is no rule for people to obey.B．People obey the society's rules completely.C．No one obeys the society's ruies though they have.D．The society's rules can be changed with different persons or situations.小题5:The writer of the passage thinks that the Indian and the German have different ideas about rules because of different__________.A．interestsB．habits and customsC．culturesD．ways of life 题型：未知难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:D
小题5:C
解析
文章主要讲的是文化差异，不同的文化背景下，形成了不同的行为习惯，当这些行为交织在一起时，就会出现矛盾。
小题1:根据第一段“are mobile and very open, get to know people quickly, it's normal to have friendly conversations with people that they have just met”可知，美国人和澳大利亚人很开放，容易交流。故选B。
小题2:第二段讲的是相反的情况，根据“want to get to know you very well before”可知，马来西亚人不喜欢与陌生人交谈，和熟人才会无话不谈。故选C。
小题3:根据第三段“as a passenger from a less mobile society puts it, it's no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don't want to answer.”可知，生活没有太多变动的人，不喜欢听他人说他们的事情。故选A。
小题4:对于particularist societies来说，规定是可以改变的。根据最后一段“A traveler from a particularist society, India, is checking in...”可知，在禁止带许多行李的情况下，印度游客希望规定能改变一下。故选D。
小题5:根据文章第一句“Ideas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another.”可知，作者主要讲的是，不同文化背景下的行为习惯也不同。造成印度人和德国人的不同想法的原因是，不同的文化背景。故选C。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“Ideas about polite b.....”主要考查你对 [日常生活类阅读 ]考点的理解。日常生活类阅读
日常生活类阅读的概念：
日常生活这一话题主要涉及人们衣食住行等方面的活动。这一话题的选材主要针对人们日常的工作，生活以及学习情况。做这一类题时，最主要的是要把握好人物的活动内容，时间和地点。
日常生活类阅读题答题技巧：
【题型说明】
该类文章内容涉及到人们的言谈举止、生活习惯、饮食起居、服饰仪表、恋爱婚姻、消遣娱乐、节日起源、家庭生活等。文章篇幅短小，追根溯源，探索各项风俗的历史渊源，内容有趣。命题也以送分题为主，如事实细节题、语义转换题、词义猜测题和简单推理判断题等。虽然这类文章读起来感觉轻松，试题做起来比较顺手，但绝不能掉以轻心。因为稍不留神，就会丢分。
【备考提醒】
为了保证较高准确率，建议同学们做好以下几点：
1、保持正常的考试心态。笔者在教学中发现，越是容易的试题，同学们越是容易失分。为什么呢？因为在这种情况下，同学们极易产生麻痹思想，认为题目好做，就不引起高度重视，于是思维不发散、不周密。而命题人就是利用同学们的这一弱点，设计陷阱题。所以，无论试题难易与否，我们都要保持正常的考试心态。试题容易，不欣喜；试题难，不悲观。
2、根据前面讲到的方法，认认真真、细细心心做好事实细节题。
3、做好语义转换题。这类题是根据英语中一词多义和某些词语在文中能表达一定的修辞意义的原则而设计的。要求同学们解释某生词的含义，确定多义词或短语在文中的意思，确认文中的某个代词所指代的对象，或者对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语进行解释。这种题要求同学们一定要根据上下文猜测词义或理解句子，切不可望文生义。
4、做好简单推理判断题。简单推理判断题要以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据进行推理，做出判断。这种推理方式比较直接，只要弄清事实，即可结合常识推断出合理的结论。
