题文
Whether you’re eating at a fancy restaurant or dining in someone’s home. Proper table manners are likely to help you make a good impression. According to a US expert, Emily Post, “All rules of table manners are made to avoid ugliness.”While Henry Hitchings of the Los Angeles Times admits that good manners can reduce social conflict, he points out that mostly their purpose is protective - they turn our natural warrior-like selves into more elegant ones.
So where did table manners come from?
In medieval England, a writer named Petrus Alfonsi took the lead to urge people not to speak with their mouths full. And King David I of Scotland also proposed that any of his people who learned to eat more neatly be given a tax deduction (减除).
Disappointingly, that idea never caught on. It was during the Renaissance, when there were real technical developments, opinions of correct behavior changed for good. “None of these was more significant than the introduction of the table fork,” wrote Hitchings. “Gradually, as forks became popular, they brought the new way of eating, making it possible, for instance, to consume berries without making one’s fingers dirty.”
Forks were introduced to Britain in 1608 and 25 years later, the first table fork reached America. Yet while most of the essentials (基本要素) are the same on both sides of the Atlantic, there are a few clear differences between what’s normal in the US and what holds true in the UK. For example, in the US, when food needs cutting with a knife, people generally cut a bite, then lay aside the knife and switch the fork to their right hand. Then they pick up one bite at a time. By contrast, Britons keep the fork in the left hand and don’t lay the knife down.
Though globalization has developed a new, simpler international standard of table manners, some people still stick with the American cut-and-switch method.The Los Angeles Times noted, “They are hanging on to a form of behavior that favors manners above efficiency.”
小题1:What does the story mainly talk about?A．The importance of proper table manners .B．The development of table manners in Western countries.C．Some unwritten rules of table manners in the US and UK.D．Differences between American and British table manners.小题2:The underlined phrase “caught on” in the passage probably means ______.A．worked in practiceB．became popularC．drew attentionD．had a positive effect小题3:Which of the following events influenced people’s table manners most according to the article?A．The introduction of forks.B．The tax deduction policy.C．The rise of the Renaissance.D．Petrus Alfonsi’s efforts in promoting table manners.小题4:What can we conclude from the article?A．British and American table manners are completely different from each other.B．American people pay more attention to their table manners than British people do.C．With globalization, the American cut-and-switch method has been abandoned in the US.D．British people’s way of using a knife and fork may be more efficient than American people’s. 题型：未知难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:B
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:D
解析
这篇文章讲的是餐桌礼仪的发展，介绍餐桌礼仪的重要性以及刀叉的引入对礼仪的影响，和美国和英国餐桌礼仪的差异。
小题1:主旨题：从全文和第三段的句子：可知这篇文章讲的是餐桌礼仪的发展，选B
小题2:猜词题：从第四段的句子：And King David I of Scotland also proposed that any of his people who learned to eat more neatly be given a tax deduction (减除).可知苏格兰的国外大卫一世提议吃饭很干净的人可以减免税收，下文说Disappointingly, that idea never caught on.可知这个想法没有流行。选B
小题3:细节题：从第五段的句子：“None of these was more significant than the introduction of the table fork,” wrote Hitchings. “Gradually, as forks became popular, they brought the new way of eating, making it possible, for instance, to consume berries without making one’s fingers dirty.”可知叉子的引入对人们餐桌礼仪影响最大，选A。
小题4:推理题：从倒数第二段的句子：in the US, when food needs cutting with a knife, people generally cut a bite, then lay aside the knife and switch the fork to their right hand. Then they pick up one bite at a time. By contrast, Britons keep the fork in the left hand and don’t lay the knife down.可知英国人对刀叉的使用比美国人更加有效。选D。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“Whether you’re eatin.....”主要考查你对 [日常生活类阅读 ]考点的理解。日常生活类阅读
日常生活类阅读的概念：
日常生活这一话题主要涉及人们衣食住行等方面的活动。这一话题的选材主要针对人们日常的工作，生活以及学习情况。做这一类题时，最主要的是要把握好人物的活动内容，时间和地点。
日常生活类阅读题答题技巧：
【题型说明】
该类文章内容涉及到人们的言谈举止、生活习惯、饮食起居、服饰仪表、恋爱婚姻、消遣娱乐、节日起源、家庭生活等。文章篇幅短小，追根溯源，探索各项风俗的历史渊源，内容有趣。命题也以送分题为主，如事实细节题、语义转换题、词义猜测题和简单推理判断题等。虽然这类文章读起来感觉轻松，试题做起来比较顺手，但绝不能掉以轻心。因为稍不留神，就会丢分。
【备考提醒】
为了保证较高准确率，建议同学们做好以下几点：
1、保持正常的考试心态。笔者在教学中发现，越是容易的试题，同学们越是容易失分。为什么呢？因为在这种情况下，同学们极易产生麻痹思想，认为题目好做，就不引起高度重视，于是思维不发散、不周密。而命题人就是利用同学们的这一弱点，设计陷阱题。所以，无论试题难易与否，我们都要保持正常的考试心态。试题容易，不欣喜；试题难，不悲观。
2、根据前面讲到的方法，认认真真、细细心心做好事实细节题。
3、做好语义转换题。这类题是根据英语中一词多义和某些词语在文中能表达一定的修辞意义的原则而设计的。要求同学们解释某生词的含义，确定多义词或短语在文中的意思，确认文中的某个代词所指代的对象，或者对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语进行解释。这种题要求同学们一定要根据上下文猜测词义或理解句子，切不可望文生义。
4、做好简单推理判断题。简单推理判断题要以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据进行推理，做出判断。这种推理方式比较直接，只要弄清事实，即可结合常识推断出合理的结论。
