People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes

题文

People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another    , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚） and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his  ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to     aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In     these and other research findings, two themes are     : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think assistance.
In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid.   , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be    , but had apparently been "lost". The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very      person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to    the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.
The degree of  between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n)       T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.
Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone.    to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for    than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be     rather than drunk.
小题1:A．studyB．wayC．wordD．college小题2:A．handB．armC．faceD．back小题3:A．refuseB．begC．loseD．receive小题4:A．challengingB．recordingC．understandingD．publishing小题5:A．importantB．possibleC．amusingD．missing小题6:A．seekB．deserveC．obtainD．accept小题7:A．At firstB．Above allC．In addition D．For example小题8:A．printedB．mailedC．rewrittenD．signed小题9:A．talentedB．good-lookingC．helpfulD．hard-working小题10:A．send inB．throw awayC．fill outD．turn down小题11:A．similarityB．friendshipC．cooperationD．contact小题12:A．expensiveB．plainC．cheapD．strange小题13:A．timeB．instructionsC．moneyD．chances小题14:A．shoppersB．researchC．childrenD．health小题15:A．talkativeB．handsomeC．calmD．sick 题型：未知难度：其他题型

答案

小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:C
小题5:A
小题6:B
小题7:D
小题8:B
小题9:B
小题10:A
小题11:A
小题12:B
小题13:C
小题14:D
小题15:D

解析

【文章大意】研究表明，出于某种原因，我们更愿意帮助我们喜欢的人和我们认为值得帮助的人。
小题1:根据下文these and other research findings和in a field study提示，在另一份研究中，所以选A。 
【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。
小题2:根据下文if his face was spotless提示。受害者脸上有一个巨大的红色胎记。
【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。
小题3:根据下文are more likely to receive aid提示选receive。如果受害者的脸无污点的比有不引人注意的胎记更有可能获得援助。
【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。
小题4:此处challenge挑战； record记录；understand理解，了解；publish出版。在了解这些和其他研究结果过程中， 发现两个重要的主题。
【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。
小题5:此处important重要的； possible可能的； amusing 娱乐的； missing失去的。在了解这些和其他研究结果过程中， 发现两个重要的主题。
【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。
小题6:deserve意为“值得”。因为某种原因我们更愿意帮助我们喜欢的人和我们认为值得帮助的人。
【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。
小题7:下文举列说明观点：In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid，所以选D。
【考点定位】考查介词短语词义及语境理解。
小题8:根据下文actually mailed it or not提示选mailed。意思是申请被邮寄。
【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。
小题9:此处talented有才能的； good-looking好看的；helpful 有帮助的；hard-working勤奋的。附在申请上的照片一张是相貌好看的、一张不太有吸引力的人。
【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。
小题10:结果表明，如果照片上人外表上有吸引力，人们更可能递送这个申请。send in意为“递送”。
【考点定位】考查动词短语含义及语境理解。
小题11:在潜在的助手和有需要的人之间的相似程度也很重要。
【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。
小题12:此处expensive昂贵的； plain 普通的； cheap便宜的； strange奇怪的。穿着T恤上印上挑衅的话和穿着朴素的T恤的人相对比，人们更愿意帮助穿着朴素T恤的人。plain意为“简朴的;朴素的”。
【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。
小题13:此处time 时间； instructions 说明；money 钱； chances机会。根据常识应该给钱买牛奶。
【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。
小题14:对健康来说，牛奶被认为比饼干更不可缺少。
【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。
小题15:此处talkative 健谈的；handsome英俊的； calm平静的； sick有病的。生病的似乎比喝醉的更容易得到到帮助。  
【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。

考点

据考高分专家说，试题“People on a college .....”主要考查你对 [日常生活类阅读 ]考点的理解。

日常生活类阅读

日常生活类阅读的概念：

日常生活这一话题主要涉及人们衣食住行等方面的活动。这一话题的选材主要针对人们日常的工作，生活以及学习情况。做这一类题时，最主要的是要把握好人物的活动内容，时间和地点。

日常生活类阅读题答题技巧：

【题型说明】
该类文章内容涉及到人们的言谈举止、生活习惯、饮食起居、服饰仪表、恋爱婚姻、消遣娱乐、节日起源、家庭生活等。文章篇幅短小，追根溯源，探索各项风俗的历史渊源，内容有趣。命题也以送分题为主，如事实细节题、语义转换题、词义猜测题和简单推理判断题等。虽然这类文章读起来感觉轻松，试题做起来比较顺手，但绝不能掉以轻心。因为稍不留神，就会丢分。
【备考提醒】
为了保证较高准确率，建议同学们做好以下几点：
1、保持正常的考试心态。笔者在教学中发现，越是容易的试题，同学们越是容易失分。为什么呢？因为在这种情况下，同学们极易产生麻痹思想，认为题目好做，就不引起高度重视，于是思维不发散、不周密。而命题人就是利用同学们的这一弱点，设计陷阱题。所以，无论试题难易与否，我们都要保持正常的考试心态。试题容易，不欣喜；试题难，不悲观。
2、根据前面讲到的方法，认认真真、细细心心做好事实细节题。
3、做好语义转换题。这类题是根据英语中一词多义和某些词语在文中能表达一定的修辞意义的原则而设计的。要求同学们解释某生词的含义，确定多义词或短语在文中的意思，确认文中的某个代词所指代的对象，或者对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语进行解释。这种题要求同学们一定要根据上下文猜测词义或理解句子，切不可望文生义。
4、做好简单推理判断题。简单推理判断题要以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据进行推理，做出判断。这种推理方式比较直接，只要弄清事实，即可结合常识推断出合理的结论。