题文
We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours' sleep alternating(交替) with some 16-17 hours' wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed（颠倒的） routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts(轮班) are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence (发生率) of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.
This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the pressure of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People occupied in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at two-hour intervals(间隔时间) throughout the period of wakefulness, it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.
小题1:The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in .A．the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automationB．the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequentlyC．the fact that people working at night are often less effectiveD．the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers小题2:The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems to be .A．to change shifts at longer intervals.B．to have longer shiftsC．to arrange for some people to work on night shifts onlyD．to create better living conditions for night workers小题3:It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because .A．body temperature is higher when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternatesB．body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or backC．the temperature reverses when the routine is changedD．people have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently小题4:Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A．Body temperature may serve as an indication of a worker's performance.B．The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has proved to be the best solution to problems of the round-the- clock working system.C．Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine. D．Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or day shifts. 题型：未知难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:B
解析
文章大意：本文主要介绍了24小时倒班工作存在的主要问题，并提出了某些解决办法，但都没有明显成效。
小题1:B 细节题。根据第二段It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed（颠倒的） routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts(轮班) are changed every week可知24小时工作制的工人们常常被频繁更换工作时间。故B正确。
小题2:C 细节题。根据文章第二段的This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
可知换班时间应该延长，故C正确。
小题3:D 细节题。根据文章最后一段的People occupied in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night可知人体的体温是随着上班时间的改变而改变的，故D正确。
小题4:B 推理题。根据文章最后一段的it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice可知选择永久的夜间值班者仅仅是一种基础的方法，但不是最佳的方法，故选B。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“We all know that the.....”主要考查你对 [日常生活类阅读 ]考点的理解。日常生活类阅读
日常生活类阅读的概念：
日常生活这一话题主要涉及人们衣食住行等方面的活动。这一话题的选材主要针对人们日常的工作，生活以及学习情况。做这一类题时，最主要的是要把握好人物的活动内容，时间和地点。
日常生活类阅读题答题技巧：
【题型说明】
该类文章内容涉及到人们的言谈举止、生活习惯、饮食起居、服饰仪表、恋爱婚姻、消遣娱乐、节日起源、家庭生活等。文章篇幅短小，追根溯源，探索各项风俗的历史渊源，内容有趣。命题也以送分题为主，如事实细节题、语义转换题、词义猜测题和简单推理判断题等。虽然这类文章读起来感觉轻松，试题做起来比较顺手，但绝不能掉以轻心。因为稍不留神，就会丢分。
【备考提醒】
为了保证较高准确率，建议同学们做好以下几点：
1、保持正常的考试心态。笔者在教学中发现，越是容易的试题，同学们越是容易失分。为什么呢？因为在这种情况下，同学们极易产生麻痹思想，认为题目好做，就不引起高度重视，于是思维不发散、不周密。而命题人就是利用同学们的这一弱点，设计陷阱题。所以，无论试题难易与否，我们都要保持正常的考试心态。试题容易，不欣喜；试题难，不悲观。
2、根据前面讲到的方法，认认真真、细细心心做好事实细节题。
3、做好语义转换题。这类题是根据英语中一词多义和某些词语在文中能表达一定的修辞意义的原则而设计的。要求同学们解释某生词的含义，确定多义词或短语在文中的意思，确认文中的某个代词所指代的对象，或者对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语进行解释。这种题要求同学们一定要根据上下文猜测词义或理解句子，切不可望文生义。
4、做好简单推理判断题。简单推理判断题要以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据进行推理，做出判断。这种推理方式比较直接，只要弄清事实，即可结合常识推断出合理的结论。
