题文
Even as Americans have been gaining weight, they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years. And indeed, cutting fat to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates（碳水化合物） have just four. Moreover, the body uses fewer calories to metabolize fat than it does to metabolize other foods. Compared with protein and carbohydrates — which break down into amino acids and simple sugars, respectively, and can be used to strengthen and energize the body —— dietary fat is more easily converted to body fat. Therefore, it’s more likely to stay on buttocks, thighs and bellies.But cutting fat from your diet doesn’t necessarily mean your body won’t store fat. For example, between nonfat and regular cookies, there’s trivial difference in calories because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar. Low-fat crackers, soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions. No matter where the calories come from, overeating will still cause weight again. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn’t losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he’d been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day. “They don’t have any fat,” he explains. But they had enough sugar to keep him from shedding an ounce.
Nonfat foods become add-on foods. When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight. That was borne out in a Pennsylvania State University study. For breakfast, Prof. Barbara Rolls gave two groups of women yogurt（酵母乳）that contained exactly the same amount of calories. One group’s yogurt label said “high fat”—the other, “low fat.” The “low fat” yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group. “People think they’ve saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences,” says Richard Mattes, a nutrition researcher at Purdue University. “But when they do that, they don’t compensate very precisely, and they often end up overdoing it.”
小题1:What lessons did the computer programme learn ?A．Overeating will cause weight gainB．He can eat half a pound of jellybeans a dayC．He can’t didn’t eat any fatD．His coach gave him a lecture小题2:Prof. Barbara’s ecperiement proved that _______________.A．two groups ate the same amount of caloriesB．two groups ate the same wmount of yogurtC．the “ low fat” yogurt group ate more calories later in the day than the other groupD．people increase the number of calories they eat per day and gain group小题3:According to the author ,________has less calories.A．fatB．protein and carbohydratesC．low-fat soupsD．sugar小题4: What can you infer from the text ?A．To keep from being overweight, people have to eat nofat foodB．The calories from fat just do it a little quicker than from protein and carbohydratesC．People should avoid temptationD．Americans realize that it is necessary to count calories before eating the food 题型：未知难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:D
解析
小题1:综合推理题。根据第二段的“ A Wisconsin computer programmer…beans a day ”推断出B、C、D三项不符合原文内容。
小题2:细节理解题。从第三段的“when we add nonfat foods to out diet,…”可以找到答案。
小题3:概括归纳题。根据第一段的“Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohytrates have just four…”。第二段的“because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by…”可以推断出正确答案是B项。
小题4:综合推理题。文章提及美国人想通过减少脂肪摄入量或是吃脱脂食品来减肥，可是稍微不注意就会达到反效果，他们也渐渐意识到这一问题。因此答案是D。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“Even as Americans ha.....”主要考查你对 [健康环保类阅读 ]考点的理解。健康环保类阅读
健康环保累阅读概念：
健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文。体裁有记叙文、 说明文、议论文和各种应用文。
健康环保类文章阅读技巧：
健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文。阅读此类短文要以现象或事物为中心进行思考，理解现象产生的原因、条件和客观规律等。同时要抓住事物的特征、用途和相互关系等。科普环保类文章一般为说明文，从结构上看大致可分为三个部分：
第一部分一般是文章的首段，主要用来提出文章的主题，即文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；
第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明；
第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题进行归纳总结。这类文章多用一般现在时，而且一般多使用客观性词语表述。有时为了强调客观性，也常使用被动语态。
从近几年的考试题来看，科普环保类的文章越来越与人们的实际生活相接近。由于此类文章缺乏故事情节，很多同学对此类文章感到费解。但一般的科普类文章都是就事论事，需要逻辑推理和想象的时候较少，因此此类阅读题也没有同学们想象中的那么难，只要多加训练，就能较好地答题。
【阅读策略】
1、概要(Summarizing)：
阅完材料后，将所阅材料浓缩，摘要，做出所阅材料的书面或口头梗概。
2、组织(Organization)：
阅读后根据阅读内容，识别观点、人物、事件之间的关系以及文章的结构关系。如：时间关系、比较或对比关系、相关关系及因果关系等。
