题文
An Australian researcher is urging parents to load up their teenager’s backpack and make them walk to school.
Professor Leon Straker says students who walk or cycle to school are less likely to have back and neck pain. But the study of 1,202 Western Australian 14yearold found that 72% of students travelled to school by car or bus. Straker says the study suggests walking or cycling while carrying a schoolbag helps improve trunk (躯干) and spinal (脊柱的) muscle strength.
This helps reduce back pain because greater muscle strength improves support for the back during load carrying .Despite advocating that parents get their children moving，Straker warns bag load should not exceed (超过) 15% of body weight.
Straker says the study also stresses that neck pain is as common as back pain among young teenagers. This is an area that has been largely ignored，he says，but can be an important indicator of neck pain into adulthood.
For the study，students were asked a series of questions such as how long they carried their bags for，how they carried their schoolbags，the method of travel，and their perceptions(感觉) about the bag’s weight.
Straker says about half of all participants experienced back and neck pain，with slightly more females reporting neck pain. However，the gender (性别) difference may also be due to the fact that females have lower pain tolerance.
Studies from the 1980s found carrying a bag over one shoulder was most common among teenagers. However in this study 85% of participants carried their bag over both shoulders.
Straker believes the change has been driven partly through education campaigns，but also by increasing fashion status of backpacks and improved design.
小题1:In the opinion of Leon Straker，parents should________.A．reduce the load of their children’s schoolbagsB．put more books in their children’s schoolbagsC．get their children’s schoolbags ready for schoolD．ask their children to walk to school carrying schoolbags小题2:If a child weighs 40 kilograms，the weight of his schoolbag should be________.A．no more than 15 kgB．less than 6 kgC．as heavy as 9 kgD．more than 6 kg小题3:We can learn from the passage that________.A．most of the students in Australia walk to schoolB．neck pain is uncommon among young teenagersC．walking while carrying a backpack helps reduce back painD．males are more likely to experience back pain than females小题4:According to the passage，what change has taken place since the 1980s?A．How students carry their schoolbags.B．How heavy students’ schoolbags are.C．How students go to school every day.D．How long students carry their schoolbags for. 题型：未知难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:A
解析
本文叙述了为了孩子的健康问题专家建议，不要让孩子坐车去上学，而是要背着书包走着去上学，当然背包的重量不要超过孩子体重的15%，或者让孩子骑着自行车去上学。这样做的好处是能够加强脊柱肌肉的力量和缓解背痛的问题。
小题1:细节理解题。根据An Australian researcher is urging parents to load up their teenager’s backpack and make them walk to school.澳大利亚一位研究人员敦促家长装载他们的青少年的背包,让他们走路上学故选D。
小题2:细节理解题。根据Straker warns bag load should not exceed (超过) 15% of body weight.故选B。
小题3:细节理解题。根据Straker says the study suggests walking or cycling while carrying a schoolbag helps improve trunk (躯干) and spinal (脊柱的) muscle strength.和
This helps reduce back pain because greater muscle strength improves support for the back during load carrying .背书包上学可以缓解背痛的问题，故选C。
小题4:细节理解题。根据Studies from the 1980s found carrying a bag over one shoulder was most common among teenagers. However in this study 85% of participants carried their bag over both shoulders.研究从20世纪80年代发现单肩背书包青少年中很流行。然而在这项研究中,85%的人现在是双肩背包很受欢迎。故选A。
点评：细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“An Australian resear.....”主要考查你对 [健康环保类阅读 ]考点的理解。健康环保类阅读
健康环保累阅读概念：
健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文。体裁有记叙文、 说明文、议论文和各种应用文。
健康环保类文章阅读技巧：
健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文。阅读此类短文要以现象或事物为中心进行思考，理解现象产生的原因、条件和客观规律等。同时要抓住事物的特征、用途和相互关系等。科普环保类文章一般为说明文，从结构上看大致可分为三个部分：
第一部分一般是文章的首段，主要用来提出文章的主题，即文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；
第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明；
第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题进行归纳总结。这类文章多用一般现在时，而且一般多使用客观性词语表述。有时为了强调客观性，也常使用被动语态。
从近几年的考试题来看，科普环保类的文章越来越与人们的实际生活相接近。由于此类文章缺乏故事情节，很多同学对此类文章感到费解。但一般的科普类文章都是就事论事，需要逻辑推理和想象的时候较少，因此此类阅读题也没有同学们想象中的那么难，只要多加训练，就能较好地答题。
【阅读策略】
1、概要(Summarizing)：
阅完材料后，将所阅材料浓缩，摘要，做出所阅材料的书面或口头梗概。
2、组织(Organization)：
阅读后根据阅读内容，识别观点、人物、事件之间的关系以及文章的结构关系。如：时间关系、比较或对比关系、相关关系及因果关系等。
