题文
An allergy is a strong reaction to a substance. Many things can cause allergies. The most common cause is pollen (花粉), which is usually produced by trees in the spring, grasses in the summer and weeds in the fall, as part of their reproductive process.Other causes include organisms, chemicals, plants and dead skin particles from dogs and cats can also cause allergic reactions. So can insect stings and some food.
The most common kind of allergic reactions is itchy (痒的) , watery eyes and a blocked or watery nose. Allergies can also cause red, itchy skin. Some reactions can be life-threatening, for example, when breathing passages become blocked.
It is not always easy to avoid allergies. Drugs may offer an effective treatment. Another treatment used in some cases is called immunotherapy. A patient is injected with small amounts of the allergy-causing substance. The idea is that larger and larger amounts are given over time until the patient develops resistance in his body.
In the United States, experts estimate that up to 8% of young children have food allergies. Every year these allergies cause about 30,000 cases with severe reactions that require immediate treatment. It can result in breathing trouble and in some cases death. It is said that about 100 to 200 people will die. It is said that most of the reactions are caused by peanuts and tree nuts like walnuts.
People can also be allergic to medicines. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology says about 10％ of bad reactions to commonly used medicines are allergic. In other words, a person’s immune system overreacts and produces an allergic reaction. The most common reactions include skin rashes, itching, breathing problems and swelling in areas such as the face.
小题1:Allergies seldom occur in winter because ________.A．plants don’t usually flower in cold weatherB．people usually wear thick clothesC．pollen is active below freezing pointD．the weather is too cold for viruses小题2:What will happen if one’s breathing passages get blocked?A．It is nothing serious.B．One’s life is at risk.C．One has to be sent to hospital.D．One is sure to breathe easily.小题3:According to immunotherapy, the patient is supposed to________.A．take some medicines to produce antibodiesB．have immediate operationsC．be given the allergy-causing substance until the patient develops resistanceD．be exposed to enough allergy-causing substances小题4:The best title would be _______.A．The ABCs of AllergiesB．The Cause of AllergiesC．The Treatment of AllergiesD．The Prevention of Allergies 题型：未知难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:A
解析
本文叙述了过敏的有关知识，人们在夏天、春天或秋天由于对花粉、花、或草过敏而导致皮肤瘙痒，流泪、红肿等症状。人们必须吃一些过敏的药来抵制这种过敏。当出现呼吸道堵塞而导致呼吸困难时，人的生命就处于危险之中，病人必须去就医。
小题1:推理判断题。根据The most common cause is pollen (花粉), which is usually produced by trees in the spring, grasses in the summer and weeds in the fall, as part of their reproductive process.因为人们对于花粉过敏在冬天由于天冷，植物不开花，故选A。
小题2:细节理解题。根据Some reactions can be life-threatening, for example, when breathing passages become blocked.当呼吸通道被堵时，会对人们的生命造成威胁，所以人的生命就处于危险中，故选B。
小题3:细节理解题。根据The idea is that larger and larger amounts are given over time until the patient develops resistance in his body.应该给病人一些过敏的药，直到他抵制过敏，故选C。
小题4:标题归纳题。纵观全文可知介绍了过敏的基础知识，故选A。
点评：细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“An allergy is a stro.....”主要考查你对 [健康环保类阅读 ]考点的理解。健康环保类阅读
健康环保累阅读概念：
健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文。体裁有记叙文、 说明文、议论文和各种应用文。
健康环保类文章阅读技巧：
健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文。阅读此类短文要以现象或事物为中心进行思考，理解现象产生的原因、条件和客观规律等。同时要抓住事物的特征、用途和相互关系等。科普环保类文章一般为说明文，从结构上看大致可分为三个部分：
第一部分一般是文章的首段，主要用来提出文章的主题，即文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；
第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明；
第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题进行归纳总结。这类文章多用一般现在时，而且一般多使用客观性词语表述。有时为了强调客观性，也常使用被动语态。
从近几年的考试题来看，科普环保类的文章越来越与人们的实际生活相接近。由于此类文章缺乏故事情节，很多同学对此类文章感到费解。但一般的科普类文章都是就事论事，需要逻辑推理和想象的时候较少，因此此类阅读题也没有同学们想象中的那么难，只要多加训练，就能较好地答题。
【阅读策略】
1、概要(Summarizing)：
阅完材料后，将所阅材料浓缩，摘要，做出所阅材料的书面或口头梗概。
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阅读后根据阅读内容，识别观点、人物、事件之间的关系以及文章的结构关系。如：时间关系、比较或对比关系、相关关系及因果关系等。
