题文
about a third of all common cancers in the United States, China and Britain could be prevented each year if people ate healthier food, drank less alcohol and exercised more, health experts said on Friday.Reports from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) suggest that making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers alone in Britain and the United States, as well as tens of thousands of stomach cancers.
“Even in 2011, people are dying unnecessarily from cancers that could be prevented through keeping a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors,” said a WCRF medical and scientific adviser.
WCRF findings are supported by World Health Organization (WHO) reports, which say regular exercise can prevent many diseases such as cancers and heart diseases.
Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and its incidence(发病率) is rising. Each year around 12.7 million people discover they have cancer and 7.6 million people die from some form of the disease. There are about 200 known types of cancer.
Rachel Thompson, the WCRF’s head of science, said that while the message was simple — that not smoking, eating good food and being a healthy weight can help ward off many cancers — it was still a difficult one to get across.
The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week. This could be done by walking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.
Peter Baldini, head of the World Lung Foundation, also called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes. Tobacco kills millions of smokers every year, and tobacco-related lung cancers also kill hundreds of thousands of people who don’t smoke but have been exposed to it second-hand.
“There isn’t a magic bullet to cure all forms of cancer, but we have the opportunity and the duty to protect people from developing cancer wherever possible,” Baldini said.
小题1:Which of the following words can best take the place of the phrase “ward off” in the sixth paragraph? A．protectB．preventC．developD．cure。小题2:Which of the following statements is Not true according to the text? A．Exercising and eating healthily can help to reduce cancer risk. B．Each year about 12.7 million people are diagnosed with cancer around the world. C．Every year millions of people die from smoking and lung cancers. D．Adults should walk for fifty minutes three times per week.小题3:Which of the following can be the best title of this text? A．Simple life changes could stop millions of cancers B．Cancer is a leading cause of death C．Our bad lifestyle caused many diseases D．The incidence of common cancers is rising小题4:By writing the passage, the author mainly intends to ____. A．advise people to develop healthier lifestyle. B．warn people of the danger of cancers C．explain why many people die from cancers every year. D．introduce the ways to protect people from developing cancers小题5:We can infer from Peter Baldini’s opinion in the last two paragraphs that ____. A．all the lung cancers are linked to smokingB．there is no medicine to cure the cancers but it’s our duty to find one C．all governments should take measures to control smokers and protect people’s health D．it’s our opportunity and duty to persuade people to give up smoking 题型：未知难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:A
小题5:C
解析
生活方式的改变可以避免癌症的发生，在本文中作者指出如果人们吃健康食品，少饮酒，多运动就会避免三分之一的癌症发生。此外还用一些数据来证实了健康生活方式的重要性，并且呼吁政府部门要制定法律来避免人们受香烟的危害，给人们一个健康的生活空间。
小题1:B词义猜测题。根据文章第三段people are dying unnecessarily from cancers that could be prevented through keeping a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors,以及常识可以推断健康的生活方式能够避免癌症的发生，所以推断ward off 是“防止、避免”的意思，答案选B。
小题2:D细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes ….. 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.可知成年人每周150分钟的锻炼可以每周进行五次时间为30分钟的步行或者骑自行车，不一定必须是每周三次为时50分钟的步行，所以D选项内容错误。
小题3:A主旨大意题。文章开头提出如果人们吃健康食品，少饮酒多运动就会避免三分之一的癌症发生，然后下文均围绕生活方式的改变会避免癌症的发生来展开行文，由此可知A选项内容能概括文章中心，所以答案选A。
小题4:A推理判断题。文章开头提出生活方式的改变可以避免癌症的发生，然后通过引用Rachel Thompson的话来证实健康生活方式的重要性以及呼吁政府部门要制定法律控制吸烟给人们带来的危害，让人们可以过更健康的生活，由此可知文章的目的就是建议人们养成健康的生活方式，避免癌症的发生，故答案选A。
小题5:C推理判断题。根据called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes. 和Tobacco kills millions of smokers every yea可知他认为政府要采取措施保护人们健康，远离香烟的危害，故C为正确选项。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“about a third of all.....”主要考查你对 [健康环保类阅读 ]考点的理解。健康环保类阅读
健康环保累阅读概念：
健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文。体裁有记叙文、 说明文、议论文和各种应用文。
健康环保类文章阅读技巧：
健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文。阅读此类短文要以现象或事物为中心进行思考，理解现象产生的原因、条件和客观规律等。同时要抓住事物的特征、用途和相互关系等。科普环保类文章一般为说明文，从结构上看大致可分为三个部分：
第一部分一般是文章的首段，主要用来提出文章的主题，即文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；
第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明；
第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题进行归纳总结。这类文章多用一般现在时，而且一般多使用客观性词语表述。有时为了强调客观性，也常使用被动语态。
从近几年的考试题来看，科普环保类的文章越来越与人们的实际生活相接近。由于此类文章缺乏故事情节，很多同学对此类文章感到费解。但一般的科普类文章都是就事论事，需要逻辑推理和想象的时候较少，因此此类阅读题也没有同学们想象中的那么难，只要多加训练，就能较好地答题。
【阅读策略】
1、概要(Summarizing)：
阅完材料后，将所阅材料浓缩，摘要，做出所阅材料的书面或口头梗概。
2、组织(Organization)：
阅读后根据阅读内容，识别观点、人物、事件之间的关系以及文章的结构关系。如：时间关系、比较或对比关系、相关关系及因果关系等。
