题文
Putting in water fountains(饮水器) at schools, and teaching children about the health benefits of water, could reduce their risk of getting extra pounds, reports a new study that is published in the latest issue of the journal pediatrics.The findings are based on a survey in 32 elementary schools of two German cities, Dortmund and Essen. The researchers, led by Rebecca Muckelbauer, a nutrionist at the Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund, weighed about 3,000 children, and asked them about their beverage(饮料) consumption.
At the beginning of the school year, the experts had water fountains added to 17 of the schools. The scientists also worked with teachers to carry out educational programs that promote the benefits of drinking water. In contrast to schools in the United States, there are very few schools in Germany that have water fountains.
At the beginning of the study, there were no big differences in the number of overweight children in different groups. But by the end of the school year, children in the schools with water fountains were 31 percent less likely to gain extra pounds, compared to kids who went to other schools, where water drinking was not encouraged.
Children in the schools with fountains, increased their water consumption from about 3 up to 4 glasses a day, while those in the other schools continued to drink an average of 3 glasses. Over the research, the number of overweight kids upped from 384 to 385 out of 1,641 at the schools with water fountains. In comparison, the number of overweight kids at the other schools increased from 339 to 364 out of 1,309, Dr. Muckelbauer said.
The experts cannot make any final conclusions and explain why the students who were encouraged to drink water were less likely to gain extra weight. Dr. Muckelbauer noted that according to a few other studies, drinking of water increases the rate at which calories are burned, while some other research suggested that water may temporarily decrease appetite.
小题1:According to the text, the journal Pediatrics__________.A．may cover the subject of the health of childrenB．mainly deals with the water drinking problemC．is mainly about the mental health of kidsD．must be a journal entitled(授权) by a school小题2:What do we know about the survey from the text?A．The teacher were also encouraged to drink water.B．The students surveyed were all overweight.C．It surveyed children in the countryside.D．It lasted for a whole school year.小题3:The fifth paragraph is mainly about __________.A．the technique used in the surveyB．the benefits of the surveyC．the process of the surveyD．the result of the survey小题4:What can be learned from the last paragraph?A．Drinking water definitely decreases appetite.B．Further research is needed to confirm the finding.C．The experts will encourage all the students to drink water.D．Why students drinking more get less pounds will be clear soon. 题型：未知难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:D
小题4:B
解析
文章介绍了由Dortmund and Essen两人主持的一项调查研究，要教给学生水的健康元素，这样可以减少学生增胖的可能，这项调查是在两个德国城市的32个学校展开的，在研究初期不同的小组增肥学生的总数没有太大不同，但是在学年结束的时候，大约有百分之三十一的学生都似乎没有变胖，用饮水机的学生的饮水量有所增加，而其它学生基本保持不变，而用饮水机的学生变胖的总数没有其它学校的学生变胖的总数多，专家也不能做出最后的结论，也无法解释为什么学生在鼓励喝水的同时并没有发胖。
小题1:A综合理解题。由Dortmund and Essen两人主持的一项调查研究，要教给学生水的健康元素，这样可以减少学生增胖的可能，这项调查是在两个德国城市的32个学校展开的，在研究初期不同的小组增肥学生的总数没有太大不同，但是在学年结束的时候，大约有百分之三十一的学生都似乎没有变胖，用饮水机的学生的饮水量有所增加，而其它学生基本保持不变，而用饮水机的学生变胖的总数没有其它学校的学生变胖的总数多，专家也不能做出最后的结论，也无法解释为什么学生在鼓励喝水的同时并没有发胖。这篇文章出自于the journal Pediatrics这本刊物，所以由此可知这本杂志是有关儿童健康问题的，故答案应为D。
小题2:D细节判断题。At the beginning of the study, there were no big differences in the number of overweight children in different groups. But by the end of the school year, children in the schools with water fountains were 31 percent less likely to gain extra pounds, 句意为：在研究开始的时候，在不同的分组里面发胖的学生总数没有什么不同，但到了学年结束的时候----由此可知这项研究持续了一年的时间。故答案应为D。
小题3:D细节理解题。Children in the schools with fountains, increased their water consumption from about 3 up to 4 glasses a day, while those in the other schools continued to drink an average of 3 glasses. Over the research, the number of overweight kids upped from 384 to 385 out of 1,641 at the schools with water fountains. In comparison, the number of overweight kids at the other schools increased from 339 to 364 out of 1,309, Dr. Muckelbauer said.句意为：用饮水机的学生增加了他们水的消耗量从大约三杯到了一天四杯，而其它学校的学生他们的饮水量仍然是平均三杯，但前者在1641个学生里面增学生总数从384到了385个，而后者没有安装饮水机的学校学生在1309名学生中，增胖的总数从339个上升到了364个。所以本自然段讲的是研究的结果，故答案应为D。
小题4:B综合理解题。The experts cannot make any final conclusions and explain why the students who were encouraged to drink water were less likely to gain extra weight. Dr. Muckelbauer noted that according to a few other studies, drinking of water increases the rate at which calories are burned, while some other research suggested that water may temporarily decrease appetite.句意为：专家还不能做出最后的结论，也不能解释多喝水的学生为什么似乎没有增肥，所以还需要继续研究以证实他的发现。故答案应为B。
【考点】考查健康保健类文章的阅读理解。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“Putting in water fou.....”主要考查你对 [健康环保类阅读 ]考点的理解。健康环保类阅读
健康环保累阅读概念：
健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文。体裁有记叙文、 说明文、议论文和各种应用文。
健康环保类文章阅读技巧：
健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文。阅读此类短文要以现象或事物为中心进行思考，理解现象产生的原因、条件和客观规律等。同时要抓住事物的特征、用途和相互关系等。科普环保类文章一般为说明文，从结构上看大致可分为三个部分：
第一部分一般是文章的首段，主要用来提出文章的主题，即文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；
第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明；
第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题进行归纳总结。这类文章多用一般现在时，而且一般多使用客观性词语表述。有时为了强调客观性，也常使用被动语态。
从近几年的考试题来看，科普环保类的文章越来越与人们的实际生活相接近。由于此类文章缺乏故事情节，很多同学对此类文章感到费解。但一般的科普类文章都是就事论事，需要逻辑推理和想象的时候较少，因此此类阅读题也没有同学们想象中的那么难，只要多加训练，就能较好地答题。
【阅读策略】
1、概要(Summarizing)：
阅完材料后，将所阅材料浓缩，摘要，做出所阅材料的书面或口头梗概。
2、组织(Organization)：
阅读后根据阅读内容，识别观点、人物、事件之间的关系以及文章的结构关系。如：时间关系、比较或对比关系、相关关系及因果关系等。
