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不能变为被动语态的结构
1.受动词的限制
①表示状态的及物动词,只能用于主动语态。
某些表示状态的及物动词,如have, own, cost, lack, want (缺乏), become (适合), fit, resemble, fail, last, flee, benefit, hold等作谓语时,不能变为被动句。
She resembles her mother. 她像她妈妈。
He lacks self-confidence. 他缺乏自信。
This hall can hold 2,000 people. 这个大厅能容纳两千人。
②当及物动词have表示"吃饭"、"患病"、"明白"、"知道"等意思时,没有被动语态形式。
Would you have a cup of tea 你要喝杯茶吗?
She had a bad cold yesterday, and now she is feeling much better. 昨天她得了重感冒,现在好多了。
③当动词get,take表示"懂得"、"知道",owe表示"欠",cost表示"使失去(生命、健康等)"的意思时,动词没有相应的被动语态。
Do you get me 你明白我的意思吗?
How do you take this passage 这段话你怎么理解?
I owe 50 pounds to you. 我欠你五十英镑。
His careless driving cost his life. 他粗心的驾驶使他丧了命。
2.受宾语的限制
①当宾语是相互代词、反身代词或具有类似相互代词的关系时,动词不能用于被动语态形式。
They simply cannot contain themselves for joy. 他们简直无法抑制内心的喜悦。
He absented himself from a meeting yesterday. 他昨天缺席会议了。
For years the two sisters looked after one another. 多年来两姐妹互相照顾。
②当宾语前带有主语的形容词性物主代词时,谓语动词通常不能转换为被动语态。
I could not believe my eyes when I saw him still alive. 看到他还活着,我简直不相信自己的眼睛。
The doctor shook his head and then went out without any words. 医生摇了摇头,一句话也没说就出去了。
注意:
动词的宾语是身体的一部分,一般不可变为被动语态,但也有例外。
He fixed his eyes on the oil painting. 他注视着这幅油画。
-- His eyes were fixed on the oil painting. 他的两眼注视着这幅油画。
③当宾语起状语作用,表示数量、重量、大小或程度时,不能用被动语态。
This kind of dictionary costs ten dollars. 这种字典价值十美元。
The case weighs twenty kilos. 这箱子重二十公斤。
④当宾语是同源宾语时,通常不能转换成被动语态。
He laughed a hearty laugh. 他由衷地笑了笑。
She dreamt a sweet dream. 她做了一个美梦。
⑤如果宾语是动词不定式或动词的-ing形式时,谓语动词一般不能变换成被动语态。
He admitted having done wrong. 他承认做错了。
He has decided to go and study abroad. 他已决定出国留学。
⑥如果enter, leave, reach的宾语是地点、国家机关等,不能改为被动语态
He left the army in 1998. 他1998年退伍。
She entered the hall at once. 她立刻就进入了大厅。
⑦另外,不可拆开的短语动词,如take place, lose heart, belong to, consist of, change colour等,也不能改为被动语态。
The book belongs to me. 这本书是我的。
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