题文
The word doping is probably from the Dutch word dop, the name of an alcoholic drinks make of grape skins used by Zulu soldiers in order to encourage their bravery in battle. The term became current around the turn of the 20th century, originally referring to illegal drugging of racehorses. In 1928 the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) became the first to ban the use of doping. A reliable test method was finally introduced in 1974.The practice of enhancing athletes’ performance through foreign substance or other artificial means, however, is as old as competitive sport itself. The most famous doping case of the 1980s concerned Ben Johnson, the 100-meter champion who tested positive for stanozolol(司坦咗醇) at the Olympic Games in Seoul, 1988.
The main front in the anti-doping war has rapidly shifted to blood doping since 1970s. Blood doping is the practice of adding red blood cells to the bloodstream in order to improve athletes’ performance. The blood is usually processed in order to create a concentration of red blood cells, and then freeze them until needed for transfusion(输血) back into the athlete shortly before the event. The extra red blood cells will deliver more oxygen and other essential elements to the athlete’s muscle tissues.
Just like any other problem, the only way to solve it is through education. Many high school sports programs now have people come in to talk to them about out the dangers of performance-enhancing drugs. Young players must be fully clear on the rules and what substances are banned. The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) has an easily accessible list of what substances are banned, how they are tested for and why they are banned on its website. This way, young players are clear on what they can put in their bodies. This is also a good way to educate players on the danger of the substances they may be tempted to use.
小题1:The word “enhancing” in the first sentence of the second paragraph means “_____”.A．showingB．directingC．upsettingD．improving小题2:What can we know from the third paragraph?A．Blood doping is transferring one man’s blood into anotherB．only blood doping exists in the anti-doping war in the 1970s.C．Blood doping is easy to be found and controlled by organizations.D．More oxygen in the blood helps improve an athlete’s performance.小题3:The word “people” in the second sentence of the fourth paragraph probably refers to _____.A．teachers who teach P.E. lessons at schoolB．experts who do research in dopingC．young people easy to be addicted to dopingD．athletes involved in doping小题4:Which statement best matches the last paragraph?A．Prevention is better than cure.B．Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.C．The best horse needs breaking, and the cleverest child needs teaching.D．A little learning is a dangerous thing. 题型：未知难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:D
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:A
解析
本文讲述了在竞技运动中使用兴奋剂的历史以及带来的危害，最后告诉我们教育是解决此类事件的最好办法。小题1:D 猜测词义题。根据The practice of enhancing athletes’ performance through foreign substance or other artificial means, however, is as old as competitive sport itself 可知，通过外来物质或其他人工手段来提高运动员表现是和竞技运动本身一样的历史悠久。故答案为D。
小题2:D 推断题。根据第三段The extra red blood cells will deliver more oxygen and other essential elements to the athlete’s muscle tissues. 以及Blood doping is the practice of adding red blood cells to the bloodstream in order to improve athletes’ performance.可知，答案为D。
小题3:B细节推断题。根据Many high school sports programs now have people come in to talk to them about out the dangers of performance-enhancing drugs. 可知，学校让人来给学生讲关于提高成绩的药物的危害，说明来做讲座的人必定是做兴奋剂研究的专家。
小题4:A 判断归纳题。根据Just like any other problem, the only way to solve it is through education.可知，用教育来解决使用兴奋剂是唯一的办法。教育即是预防。说明A是正确的。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“The word doping is p.....”主要考查你对 [历史文化类阅读 ]考点的理解。历史文化类阅读
什么是历史文化类阅读：
本类题型常用的方式是夹叙夹议。叙述的目的是为了议，所以要把握其议才是主要方面。阅读这类文章，先弄清其引入的话题，再弄清里面人物对其不同的看法，然后理解作者本身对话题的观点看法或思考。
历史文化类阅读技巧：
【题型说明】历史文化类阅读理解文章属高考常选材料之一。这类文章常涉及历史、文化、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、等等。这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。
【答题方法】在做这类阅读理解题时，我们应注意以下几个方面：
1、采用先题后文：先读题目，再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一点，如果带着问题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。
2、先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。
3、重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：一类是Main idea型；一类是Topic或Title型。
在解答这类试题时应注意以下几点：
a．读首句抓大意。
文化教育类阅读理解文章多采用说明文、议论文体裁，而这类文章大都采用文章段落的中心，即主题句在文章开头。因此，要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。
b．读尾句抓大意。
有时这类文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾，作为对全篇的总结。
c．读首段抓大意。
有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句。这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用两次点题的写作方法。这两个主题句在句子结构和用词上有所不同，而且在内容上前句和后句也不重复。
d．从段落中抓大意。
有些文章或段落的主题句在文章中，这种文章或段落往往以一句话或几句话引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
e．归纳要点抓大意。
有些文章或段落无明显的主题句，只是暗示性地体现主题。这就要求同学们在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或线索来概括总结主旨大意。
