The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928). After

题文

The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928). After immigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous(灾难性的) fire of 1871. In those days, it was nicknamed “the Garden City”, almost certainly the source of Howard’s name for his later building plan of towns. Returning to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination（结合） of designs.
The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities. At the same time, the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression(萧条) and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor much social life. Howard’s idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. Howard’s idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside; far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price.
Garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries. They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions. As more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limit-----Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away. Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide rang of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city.
小题1:How did Howard get the name for his building plan of garden cities?A．Through his observation of the country life.B．Through the combination of different ideas.C．By taking other people’s advice.D．By using the nickname of the reconstructed Chicago.小题2:The underlined phrase “drawing on ”in Paragraph 1 probably means______.A．making use of B．making comments on C．giving an explanation of D．giving a description of小题3:According to Howard, garden cities should be built______.A．as far as possible from existing citiesB．in the countryside where the land was cheapC．in the countryside where agriculture was developedD．near cities where employment opportunities already existed小题4:What can we learn about garden cities from the last paragraph?A．Their number would continue to riseB．Each one would continue to become largerC．People would live and work in the same placeD．Each one would contain a certain type of business小题5:What could be the best title for the passage?A．City and CountrysideB．The Invention of the Garden CityC．A New City in ChicagoD．A Famous Garden City in England 题型：未知难度：其他题型

答案

小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:D

解析

本文介绍了Ebenezer Howard最先发明出来的The garden city的发展过程和相关的信息。
小题1:D 细节题。根据第一段4,5行In those days, it was nicknamed “the Garden City”, almost certainly the source of Howard’s name for his later building plan of towns.说明D项正确。
小题2:A 推理题。根据本句Returning to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination（结合） of designs.说明他成分利用了这个想法创造出一种独特的设计方面的结合。
小题3:B 细节题。根据第二段最后3行borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside; far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price.说明这样的地方应该是在土地相对便宜的乡下，故B项正确。
小题4:A 推理题。根据最后一段3,4,5行As more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limit-----Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away说明一个花园城市建成以后，人口太多了以后在附件就会出现另外一个花园城市，故花园城市的数量在不断增加，故Ａ正确。
小题5:D 主旨大意题。本文主要就是介绍了Ebenezer Howard最先发明出来的The garden city的发展，故D项正确。
点评：本文的内容较为抽象，考生不是很熟悉，以推理题的考查为主，推理判定题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础;②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从非凡到一般，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事，断章取义，以偏概全。③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。立足现在，猜测未来。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。

考点

据考高分专家说，试题“The garden city was .....”主要考查你对 [历史文化类阅读 ]考点的理解。

历史文化类阅读

什么是历史文化类阅读：

本类题型常用的方式是夹叙夹议。叙述的目的是为了议，所以要把握其议才是主要方面。阅读这类文章，先弄清其引入的话题，再弄清里面人物对其不同的看法，然后理解作者本身对话题的观点看法或思考。

历史文化类阅读技巧：

【题型说明】历史文化类阅读理解文章属高考常选材料之一。这类文章常涉及历史、文化、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、等等。这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。
【答题方法】在做这类阅读理解题时，我们应注意以下几个方面：
1、采用先题后文：先读题目，再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一点，如果带着问题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。
2、先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。
3、重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：一类是Main idea型；一类是Topic或Title型。
在解答这类试题时应注意以下几点：
a．读首句抓大意。
文化教育类阅读理解文章多采用说明文、议论文体裁，而这类文章大都采用文章段落的中心，即主题句在文章开头。因此，要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。
b．读尾句抓大意。
有时这类文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾，作为对全篇的总结。
c．读首段抓大意。
有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句。这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用两次点题的写作方法。这两个主题句在句子结构和用词上有所不同，而且在内容上前句和后句也不重复。
d．从段落中抓大意。
有些文章或段落的主题句在文章中，这种文章或段落往往以一句话或几句话引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
e．归纳要点抓大意。
有些文章或段落无明显的主题句，只是暗示性地体现主题。这就要求同学们在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或线索来概括总结主旨大意。