题文
As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex.Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is responsible for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department(人事部) is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.
If a firm wants to adopt a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a method of job evaluation(估价) and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be successful, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers.
In job evaluation, all the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in “points”, which are added together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their ability to solve problems.
Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without reference to an evaluation system based on points.
In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should compare the value of each job with those in the job market. It should also consider economic factors such as the cost of living and the labor supply.
It is necessary that payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simply to measure the work done, as in the work done with the hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen; for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.
小题1: If a firm wants to establish a new pay structure, it is necessary to get the agreement between________.A．the Trade Unions and the Personnel DepartmentB．the Personnel Department and the Accounts DepartmentC．the employees and the Trade Unions.D．the employers and the Trade Unions小题2: What does the words “monetary encouragement schemes” in the last paragraph imply?A．They are plans in which much payment is encouraged.B．They are encouraging money schedulesC．They are pay systemsD．They are pay systems to encourage workers in that the more work is done, the more money will be paid.小题3: Methods of additional payments are adopted for indirect workers because________.A．their work is not importantB．they have low wagesC．the measurement of their work is difficultD．the company does not have enough money小题4:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A．In every company only the Accounts Department takes charge of the management of wages and salaries.B．Management work and the job done by workers can use the same evaluation system.C．If a job is done differently, the payment for the job should be different too.D．An evaluation system based on points is usually used to evaluate management work.小题5:The main purpose of the passage is to________.A．explain the responsibilities of both the Accounts Department and the Personnel Department.B．explain not to evaluate the performance of a job by pointsC．tell readers how a company should adopt a new payment systemD．convince(使确信) readers that management work is more difficult to evaluate than the work done by workers 题型：未知 难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:D
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:C
小题5:C
解析
小题1:由第三段最后一句：会计部负责薪酬的计算，人事部主要与雇员讨论薪酬多少的问题，并不需要他们之间达成协议，所以ABC均不对。
小题2:由文章最后一段第二句Where it is simply to measure the work done, as in the work done with the hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen可知，A项是字面意思无上下含义；B项形似但缺乏上下文理解；C项太笼统。
小题3:由文章最后一句for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.选项ABD在文中均找不到线索。
小题4:根据文章第四段首句In attempting to design a pay system, …those in the job market 和最后一段首句It is necessary that payment … the job is performed可知。
小题5:第三段首句为主题句；然后说明怎样采用新的工资薪酬结构及注意事项。ABD是文章的细节，太窄，不是目的。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“As is known to all, .....”主要考查你对 [政治经济类阅读 ]考点的理解。政治经济类阅读
政治经济类文章的概念：
要做好这类阅读，平时就要注意了解国内外发生的政治经济大事，掌握一定背景知识，对这类文章的叙述特点及内容安排有一定了解，还要扩展这方面的词汇。阅读这类文章，要抓住文章的核心，即文章整体和各段主要在说什么，也要注意段落之间的逻辑关系。
如何备考政治经济类阅读理解题：
【题型说明】政治经济类阅读文章是高考常选材料之一。该类文章时代气息浓郁，语言鲜活，但熟字新义词、超纲词及专业词语多，长句、难句多。政治类文章大多数是同学们感性趣的内容，读起来倒有似曾相识的感觉，经济类文章读起来就像是雾里看花，文章看完，一头雾水。再加之这类文章的命题侧重于词义猜测、推理判断和文章主旨，同学们对这类题材是望而生畏。
【备考策略】建立心理优势。针对不同体裁的文章，我们要采取相应的阅读方法和技巧。政治类文章多采用记叙文形式，我们可采取“顺读法”，以便抓关键语句，领会文章主旨；而经济类文章则多采用说明文形式，我们则可以采取“逆读法”，先读试题，再从文章中查找有用信息。若遇到的确难读的材料。千万不用着急，因为你觉得难，其他人也一定是同感。在高考前，我们就要有这种心理准备，高考试卷肯定有一、两篇难以阅读的材料。不过，我们平时可以有意识地从报刊杂志上找一些较难的阅读材料来阅读，以培养自己迎难而上的心理素质。
【答题方法】
1、寻找主干：
根据英语中五种基本句型结构，把句子中的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等主要成分找出来，其他成分如定语、状语、补语等则易于理解。找到了句子主干，句子的意思至少明白了一半。
2、剔除从句：
在一个长句中可能会出现若干个从句，在理解时，如果把各个从句剔除出来单独理解，然后把大意拼凑起来，整个长句的意思就会明白六、七分。
3、辨别分句：
一个长句如果是由几个并列、转折、递进、对比关系的分句组成，句中往往有表示这些分句关系的连接词，只要能弄清楚分句和分句之间的逻辑关系，再把各层分句的意思加以连贯，整个长句的句意基本上能跃然脑中。
4、寻找关键词：
如果一个句子看完，一点句意的感觉也没有，下下策就是抓住句中的关键词，通过关键词大体弄懂这个长句的意思。
