题文
Commencement (毕业典礼) is a time for idealism.But economic reality is cruel everywhere; especially for new graduate. They have been told repeatedly that a college degree is an open sesame(芝麻) to the global economy. But that’s not necessarily so, according to new research by two economists at he Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Frank Levy and Peter Temin.
It is true that people with college degrees make more money than people without degrees. The gap has narrowed somewhat in recent years, which is disturbing. But the earning power of college graduates still far outpaces that of less-educated workers.
The bad news, though, is that a college degree does not ensure a bigger share of the economics pie for many graduates. In recent decades Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin show, only college-educated women have seen their income grow in line with economy wide gains in productivity. The earnings of male college graduates have failed to keep pace with productivity gains.
Instead, a huge share of productivity growth, which expands the nation’s income, is going to Americans on the top of the income scale. In 2005, the latest year with available data, the top of 1 percent of Americans---whose average annual income was $ 1.1 million--- took in 21.8 percent of the nation’s income, their largest share since 1929.
Administration officials, and other politicians and economists, often, believe that income inequality, reflects an education gap. But Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin show that in the case of men, the average bachelor’s degree is not enough to catch the rising tide of the global economy.
They argue that the real reason that inequality is worsening is the lack of strong policies that broadly distribute economic gains. In the past, for example, a more progressive income tax and unions promote equality. Positive measures have been eroding and new ones have not yet emerged, making the income gap even greater.
Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin conclude that only a new government policy can restore general prosperity. That’s a challenge to the nation’s leader and today’s graduates. America needs them to contribute to the development of the nation in global economy.
小题1:The passage is mainly about that _______.A．there is a big income gap between female and male college graduates in America.B．college graduates find it hard to find an ideal job after graduation in America.C．research shows that American government should take measures to ensure income equality for college graduatesD．college degrees are losing value in America.小题2:What is the main idea of paragraph 5?A．The whole nation has enjoyed a big income growth with the growth of productivity.B．Much of the total income in America has been gained by a few very rich people.C．A small part of people in America have income increase.D．Upper class Americans contribute most to productivity growth.小题3:The underlined word “eroding” in paragraph 7 probably means _______.A．being gradually destroyed by wind or rain B．gradually reducing powerC．gradually disappearing D．gradually not suitable小题4:We can infer from the passage that _______.A．female college graduates have higher income than male ones.B．female college graduates have benefited from some governmental measures to ensure their income growth.C．income tax can grantee income equality.D．new measures and policies have been taken to promote income equality.小题5:From the passage, some economists believe that the worsening income inequality is caused by ______.A．lower college degree of college graduatesB．lack of proper governmental policiesC．gender discriminationD．underdevelopment of economy and productivity. 题型：未知 难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:B
小题4:B
小题5:B
解析
本文叙述了在美国拥有大学学历的人能挣更多的钱比那些没有学位的人。研究发现最近几年他们之间的收入差距在逐渐缩小,这是令人不安的。男性大学毕业生的收入没有跟上生产力。女大学毕业生受益于政府的一些措施,以确保她们的收入增长，但是财富仍然有很少的一部分所拥有，这是由于政府的政策监管不利造成了收入不均。
小题1:主旨大意题。综观全文可知,美国政府应该采取措施,确保大学毕业生有平等的收入，故选C。
小题2:段落大意题。根据在美国大部分的总收入是有一些非常富有的人得到，故选B。
小题3:词意猜测题。根据new ones have not yet emerged指消弱了它的力量，故选B。
小题4:推理判断题。根据only college-educated women have seen their income grow in line with economy wide gains in productivity.可推出女大学毕业生受益于政府的一些措施,以确保她们的收入增长，故选B。
小题5:细节理解题。根据the real reason that inequality is worsening is the lack of strong policies 政府缺乏合适的政策是主要原因，故选B。
点评：一般来说，多数段落会有一个段落主题句或核心词，如果能准确地将其抓住，题目自然就迎刃而解了。如果把握不住主题句，应该重点阅读各段的首句、第二句和末句。因为通常来讲，学术性文章的阐述思路主要有两种：演绎型(Deductive)和归纳型(Inductive)。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“Commencement (毕业典礼) .....”主要考查你对 [政治经济类阅读 ]考点的理解。政治经济类阅读
政治经济类文章的概念：
要做好这类阅读，平时就要注意了解国内外发生的政治经济大事，掌握一定背景知识，对这类文章的叙述特点及内容安排有一定了解，还要扩展这方面的词汇。阅读这类文章，要抓住文章的核心，即文章整体和各段主要在说什么，也要注意段落之间的逻辑关系。
如何备考政治经济类阅读理解题：
【题型说明】政治经济类阅读文章是高考常选材料之一。该类文章时代气息浓郁，语言鲜活，但熟字新义词、超纲词及专业词语多，长句、难句多。政治类文章大多数是同学们感性趣的内容，读起来倒有似曾相识的感觉，经济类文章读起来就像是雾里看花，文章看完，一头雾水。再加之这类文章的命题侧重于词义猜测、推理判断和文章主旨，同学们对这类题材是望而生畏。
【备考策略】建立心理优势。针对不同体裁的文章，我们要采取相应的阅读方法和技巧。政治类文章多采用记叙文形式，我们可采取“顺读法”，以便抓关键语句，领会文章主旨；而经济类文章则多采用说明文形式，我们则可以采取“逆读法”，先读试题，再从文章中查找有用信息。若遇到的确难读的材料。千万不用着急，因为你觉得难，其他人也一定是同感。在高考前，我们就要有这种心理准备，高考试卷肯定有一、两篇难以阅读的材料。不过，我们平时可以有意识地从报刊杂志上找一些较难的阅读材料来阅读，以培养自己迎难而上的心理素质。
【答题方法】
1、寻找主干：
根据英语中五种基本句型结构，把句子中的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等主要成分找出来，其他成分如定语、状语、补语等则易于理解。找到了句子主干，句子的意思至少明白了一半。
2、剔除从句：
在一个长句中可能会出现若干个从句，在理解时，如果把各个从句剔除出来单独理解，然后把大意拼凑起来，整个长句的意思就会明白六、七分。
3、辨别分句：
一个长句如果是由几个并列、转折、递进、对比关系的分句组成，句中往往有表示这些分句关系的连接词，只要能弄清楚分句和分句之间的逻辑关系，再把各层分句的意思加以连贯，整个长句的句意基本上能跃然脑中。
4、寻找关键词：
如果一个句子看完，一点句意的感觉也没有，下下策就是抓住句中的关键词，通过关键词大体弄懂这个长句的意思。
