题文
阅读理解When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no
other witnesses. This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect.
The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which is named after Catherine "Kitty"
Genovese, a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13, 1964. Early in the morning,
28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work. As she approached her apartment entrance, she
was attacked and stabbed (刺) by a man later identified as Winston Moseley. Despite Genovese's
repeated cries for help, none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her
cries called police for help. The attack first began at 3:20, but it was not until 3:50 that someone first
contacted police.
Many psychologists were set thinking by the incident, as well as most Americans. As the conclusion,
the bystander effect came out and later proved by a series of studies and experiments.
There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect. First, the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility. Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much
pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those
present. The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways. When other
observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not
appropriate.
Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is ambiguous
(not clear). In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a "lovers' quarrel", and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered.
1. The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect because a woman surnamed Genovese.
A. its discovery resulted from the murder of
B. it somehow caused the murder of
C. it was actually discovered by
D. it always makes people think of
2. It's likely that the neighbors didn't offer help because__________.
A. They believed in the bystander effect.
B. They knew Genovese and Moseley well.
C. They were afraid of the murderer.
D. They thought someone else might help.
3. Before deciding to offer help, observers may , according to the psychologists.
A. wait for sort of a signal
B. want to be sure it's appropriate to react
C. hesitate and estimate the risk of getting hurt
D. wonder if the victim is worth helping
4. The article seems to suggest that, if there had been observers, Genovese might not have been
murdered.
A. no
B. braver
C. more
D. fewer 题型：未知 难度：其他题型
答案
1-4: ADBD解析
该题暂无解析
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“阅读理解 When an emer.....”主要考查你对 [社会现象类阅读 ]考点的理解。社会现象类阅读
社会现象类阅读概念：
这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。
社会现象类阅读解题技巧：
这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。阅读这类文章要理清思路。
1、浏览试题，明确要求。
在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章，可使思路更敏捷，而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。
2、通读全文，抓住主要内容。
在不影响理解的前提下，尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。阅读时，如遇到不熟悉的单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子，不要停下来苦思冥想，继续读下去，通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。
3、抓住中心思想和段落大意。
通读全文时，要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子，尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开头或结尾，插在中间的很少。所以，文章的第一段或开头的第一、二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述，因此要特别注意，彻底理解。
4、有针对性地仔细阅读，找寻所需信息。
在前面的基础上，可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过，而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读，还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来，逐条分析，综合判断，找出正确答案。
5、进行合理的推理判断。
对文章有了全面的了解之后，可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系，做出推理判断。在进行推理判断的时候，需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。
6、认真复读，验证答案。
要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，并依次审核那些还未打上的题目，确保理解无误。
