Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existenc

题文

Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existence, it’s nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus, much less stand up and offer his seat to her.
This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued by young men, who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with courtesy 礼貌、谦让) and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rat race like anyone else. Women have never claimed to be physically as strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should be shown to the old, the sick and the burdened. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves “First come, first severed”, while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child stands? Yet this is all too often seen.
Older people, tired and quick-tempered from a day's work, are not angels, either-far from it. Many a brisk argument or an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary queues push and shove each other to get on buses and tubes. One cannot commend this, of course, but on does feel there is just a little more excuse.
If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems imperative（迫切的）, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistant's won't bother to assist, taxi drivers growl at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conductors pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration（恶化）.
小题1:What is the writer's opinion concerning courteous manners towards women?A．Since women have claimed equality, they no longer need to be treated differently from men.B．It is generally considered old-fashioned for young men to give up their seats to young women.C．"Lady First" should be universally practiced.D．Special consideration ought to be shown to them.小题2:According to the passage communication between human beings would not be smoother unless ________.A．people were more considerate towards each otherB．people were not so tired and quick-temperedC．women were treated with more courtesyD．public transport could be improved.小题3:The author probably does NOT agree that in big cities _______.A．Life will be even worse if no change is madeB．transport conditions are rather poorC．it’s not uncommon to see people quarrel in public placesD．it’s unreasonable to require the tired people to be polite小题4:The main purpose of the author is to ________.A．call on people in big cities to pay more attention to politenessB．blame the schoolboys’ rude behavior towards elderly women on the tube or busC．criticize the fast pace of city lifeD．tell young men to give their seats to elderly people小题5:How could you describe the tone of this passage?           A．acceptableB．opponentC．negativeD．encouraging 题型：未知 难度：其他题型

答案

小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:A
小题5:D

解析

本篇为议论文，谈论的是大城市人们缺乏礼貌，道德标准下降的问题。文章第一句就指出了大都市里礼貌几乎荡然无存了。第二、三、四段则详细论述了这种情况。最后作者呼吁人们应该做点什么使人们的交往和谐客气一些，不要让城市居住环境继续恶化。
小题1:细节理解题。第二段第一句说很多年轻男子认为既然女性已经要求平等，出来工作了，在公共场合就不应再受到特别的礼遇。第二句就说女性从来没有宣称她们和男人一样强壮。而接下来文章又提到还是应该对那些年老的，病弱的和负重的人礼貌，可知作者是不同意那些年轻人的观点的。本题易误选B。
小题2:细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到人们之间的交往应该和谐客气，但是人们似乎都太疲乏太匆忙以致无法礼貌些。后面列举了些例子。由最后一段第二句可知B不对；C只是人们礼貌的一部分，不全面；交通状况不好并不能作为借口，所以D也不对。
小题3:细节理解题。作者在倒数第二段中说大人们一天工作后，又累又烦，在挤公车时很容易就发生争执，甚至吵架，但是在倒数第三段中又说到交通状况很差，但是不应作为不礼貌的借口。由此可知B、C都是作者同意的；最后一段第一句表明了A也是作者所同意的观点。
小题4:主旨大意题。文章第一句就指出大都市里礼貌几乎荡然无存了。然后列举种种状况。文章最后作者希望那些年轻力壮的人尽他们的小职责来阻止这种恶化。通读全文可知作者的目的还是在呼吁大城市里的人们更注意礼貌。B、C偏离了原文主旨；D不全面。
小题5:态度判断题。由文末的点睛之笔可知作者的最终态度仍是从正面激励人们去提高社会道德意识。

考点

据考高分专家说，试题“Manners nowadays in .....”主要考查你对 [社会现象类阅读 ]考点的理解。

社会现象类阅读

社会现象类阅读概念：

这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。

社会现象类阅读解题技巧：

这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。阅读这类文章要理清思路。
1、浏览试题，明确要求。
      在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章，可使思路更敏捷，而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。
2、通读全文，抓住主要内容。
      在不影响理解的前提下，尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。阅读时，如遇到不熟悉的单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子，不要停下来苦思冥想，继续读下去，通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。
3、抓住中心思想和段落大意。
      通读全文时，要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子，尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开头或结尾，插在中间的很少。所以，文章的第一段或开头的第一、二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述，因此要特别注意，彻底理解。
4、有针对性地仔细阅读，找寻所需信息。
      在前面的基础上，可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过，而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读，还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来，逐条分析，综合判断，找出正确答案。
5、进行合理的推理判断。
      对文章有了全面的了解之后，可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系，做出推理判断。在进行推理判断的时候，需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。
6、认真复读，验证答案。
      要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，并依次审核那些还未打上的题目，确保理解无误。