题文
Hoffman，40，a former senior vice president of a financial company，had what she describes as “one of those extreme jobs.” “I loved working,” she says. But her career path reached a crossroad when her second child was born，and she left her job in February 2007. Hoffman is one of many people who have left the work force to take a break，but she has a position as a consultant．She has described this type of career detour(绕路) ----- which is more common for women than for men—as “off- ramping．” Typically it occurs when the balancing act of parenting and work becomes too tough．A study by the center found that more than 90 percent of women who off-ramp want to on-ramp back into the work force eventually．But making the transition back to work is rarely easy，and it is even harder in this economic climate of layoffs and hiring freezes.
Considering some of the obstacles faced by on- rampers , a three-day program called “Greater Returns：Restarting Your Career” was held at Columbia University. The goal of the three days was to have them walk away with a big shot of confidence.
According to one school of thought, women looking to make a comeback might even have an advantage in the current economy，especially if they are looking for part-time or consultant positions that do not offer benefits. And a majority of on-rampers are women with extensive working experiences that could give them a slight advantage over less-experienced competition．
“You absolutely cannot be defensive about why you off-ramped,” Ms Hoffman says, “ defensive” would have put her into a hard situation if the Greater Returns program had had not taught her how to describe the years she spent at home．“I now feel confident talking to an employer and saying，‘ Yes，I have been out of the work force，but here is where I can make significant contributions.’”
小题1:What is the best title for the passage?A．Off ramp：it is common B．On ramp：it is easyC．Off ramp or on ramp：it depends on confidenceD．Off ramp to on ramp：it can be a hard Journey小题2:According to the passage，Greater Returns___________．A．is intended to relieve the pressure of the jobless womenB．has all the jobless women restart their careerC．will build up the confidence of those in search of jobsD．is to last a11 the year around for the jobless women小题3:The main reason for the women’s off-ramping is that_________．A．they have to suffer the sexual discrimination B．they have to parent their children C．they reach a crossroad of careerD．they have great work pressure小题4:From what Ms．Hoffman says in the last paragraph，we can conclude________ . A．she didn’t get advice from the Greater Returns programB．she was defensive about her off-ramping C．she didn’t get the job because she lied about her experienceD．she is off ramp partly due to her straightforward manner小题5:Which job is easier to get for a woman off-ramper?A．Regular workers.B．Casual workers.C．Company managers.D．Bank clerks. 题型：未知 难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:D
小题5:B
解析
本题主要讲述的是那些因为要照顾孩子而放弃工作的女性要想重新工作所面临的困难。并介绍了一个能够帮助她们找回自信的program“the Greater Returns”。
小题1:D 主旨大意题。本题主要讲述的是那些因为要照顾孩子而放弃工作的女性要想重新工作所面临的困难，第二段最后两行making the transition back to work is rarely easy，and it is even harder in this economic climate of layoffs and hiring freezes.说明这样的做法现在是更加困难，故D项符合。
小题2:C 细节题。根据第3段最后一句The goal of the three days was to have them walk away with a big shot of confidence.说明这个计划可以让参加的人非常有信心，故C项正确。
小题3:B 细节题。根据第一段最后一句Typically it occurs when the balancing act of parenting and work becomes too tough．说明这些女性放弃工作的原因是他们要照顾孩子，故B项正确。
小题4:D 推理题。根据最后一段前3行“You absolutely cannot be defensive about why you off-ramped,” Ms Hoffman says, “ defensive” would have put her into a hard situation if the Greater Returns program had had not taught her how to describe the years she spent at home．说明她以前非常defensive,他的做事方式很直接。通过the Greater Returns她才取得突破。故D项正确。
小题5:B 推理题。根据文章倒数第二段最后2行And a majority of on-rampers are women with extensive working experiences that could give them a slight advantage over less-experienced competition．说明适合他们的是那些竞争不是很激烈的工作,故B项正确。
点评：本文针对的是那些因为要照顾孩子放弃工作，后来又希望重新回到工作岗位的女性。本文对考生的推理能力要求较高，测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“Hoffman，40，a former .....”主要考查你对 [社会现象类阅读 ]考点的理解。社会现象类阅读
社会现象类阅读概念：
这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。
社会现象类阅读解题技巧：
这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。阅读这类文章要理清思路。
1、浏览试题，明确要求。
在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章，可使思路更敏捷，而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。
2、通读全文，抓住主要内容。
在不影响理解的前提下，尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。阅读时，如遇到不熟悉的单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子，不要停下来苦思冥想，继续读下去，通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。
3、抓住中心思想和段落大意。
通读全文时，要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子，尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开头或结尾，插在中间的很少。所以，文章的第一段或开头的第一、二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述，因此要特别注意，彻底理解。
4、有针对性地仔细阅读，找寻所需信息。
在前面的基础上，可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过，而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读，还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来，逐条分析，综合判断，找出正确答案。
5、进行合理的推理判断。
对文章有了全面的了解之后，可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系，做出推理判断。在进行推理判断的时候，需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。
6、认真复读，验证答案。
要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，并依次审核那些还未打上的题目，确保理解无误。
