题文
A four-year study of 200 college students found that those who drink heavily and started drinking at an early age demonstrate poor decision-making skills, just like long-term, chronic(长期的) alcoholics. Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia believe early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development.The researches examined college students between the ages of 18 and 22. After three years, they tested them using the Iowa Gambling Test, which measures the tendency to make immediate (disadvantageous) or long-term (advantageous) choices.
based on the students’ reported drinking habits, they were grouped into four categories: low binge drinkers, moderate binge drinkers, increasing binge drinkers and stable or high binge drinkers.
“Students in the stable or high alcohol use category, who had longer histories of binge drinking, made riskier and less advantageous choices, which reflect problems associated with planning for the future,” the researchers reported.
The study also found that only students who started binge drinking when they were younger showed impairment on the task.
“There is reason to think that heavy binge drinking during adolescence, when the brain is still rapidly developing, may have some negative legacy (遗传) on psychological development,” said Kenneth J. Sher of MU’s Midwest Alcoholism Research Center in a news release. “The interesting thing is that if we were to just look at binge drinkers and how impaired they are in the decision-making process as juniors, we’d really be obscuring(使模糊) the important issue, which is how long they’ve been binge drinkers and / or how early they started.”
小题1:What does the passage mainly tell us?A．Four categories of heavy drinkers.B．Heavy drinking affects college students. C．Early onset binge drinkers are poor at decision-making. D．People drinking at an early age will develop into binge drinkers.小题2:Which category would make the most disadvantageous choice? A．Low binge drinkersB．moderate binge drinkers C．Increasing binge drinkersD．Stable binge drinkers小题3:Early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development because _______.A．adolescent students were not suitable for drinking B．drinking too much will slow the growth of the brain C．the brain has not fully developed during adolescenceD．drinking will make the students make dangerous choices小题4:What Kenneth J. Sher says suggests that _______. A．he is quite clear about what the important issue isB．if binger drinkers started late, there would be no bad effectC．the important issue is how impaired the students are in decision-makingD．only early binge drinkers will have their decision-making ability affected 题型：未知 难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:A
解析
文章介绍了一个研究结果，在年轻的时候就长期喝酒的年轻人在做决定方面很差，分析了原因和问题。
小题1:主旨题：从文章第一段的句子：A four-year study of 200 college students found that those who drink heavily and started drinking at an early age demonstrate poor decision-making skills, just like long-term, chronic(长期的) alcoholics.可知很早就喝酒的年轻人不擅长做决定。选C
小题2:细节题：从第三段的句子：“Students in the stable or high alcohol use category, who had longer histories of binge drinking, made riskier and less advantageous choices, which reflect problems associated with planning for the future,”可知长期或经常喝酒的年轻人可能做出最不好的选择。选D
小题3:细节题：从第四段的句子：There is reason to think that heavy binge drinking during adolescence, when the brain is still rapidly developing, may have some negative legacy (遗传) on psychological development,”早早就开始喝酒的年轻人大脑没有得到很好的发展。选C
小题4:细节题：从最后一段的句子：we’d really be obscuring(使模糊) the important issue, which is how long they’ve been binge drinkers and / or how early they started.”可知 Kenneth J. Sher
认为重要的事情是很明显的。选A
点评：阅读本文时要注意作者组织本文的结构：引题——论据——论点，只有把握了作者的中心论点，做题时才不会偏离议论中心。题目设置重点是推理题，通过文章的重点句子，理解作者的真正意图。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“A four-year study of.....”主要考查你对 [社会现象类阅读 ]考点的理解。社会现象类阅读
社会现象类阅读概念：
这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。
社会现象类阅读解题技巧：
这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。阅读这类文章要理清思路。
1、浏览试题，明确要求。
在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章，可使思路更敏捷，而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。
2、通读全文，抓住主要内容。
在不影响理解的前提下，尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。阅读时，如遇到不熟悉的单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子，不要停下来苦思冥想，继续读下去，通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。
3、抓住中心思想和段落大意。
通读全文时，要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子，尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开头或结尾，插在中间的很少。所以，文章的第一段或开头的第一、二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述，因此要特别注意，彻底理解。
4、有针对性地仔细阅读，找寻所需信息。
在前面的基础上，可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过，而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读，还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来，逐条分析，综合判断，找出正确答案。
5、进行合理的推理判断。
对文章有了全面的了解之后，可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系，做出推理判断。在进行推理判断的时候，需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。
6、认真复读，验证答案。
要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，并依次审核那些还未打上的题目，确保理解无误。
