题文
Urbanization(2013·高考北京卷)Until relatively recently,the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city.The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago.__ 小题1:__In fact,nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages.It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history—a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.
Britain was only the beginning. 小题2:__The process of urbanization—the migration (迁徙) of people from the countryside to the city—was the result of modernization,which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.
In 1990,fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas.Today,over 82% of Americans live in cities.only about 2% live on farms.__ 小题3:__
Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized.Even in advanced agricultural societies,it took about ninetyfive people on farms to feed five people in cities._ 小题4:_Until modern times,those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants,laborers and professionals who served them.Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.
Over the past two centuries,the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 小题5:_Today,instead of needing ninetyfive farmers to feed five city people,one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred nonfarmers.A.That kept cities very small.B.The rest live in small towns.C.The effects of urban living on people should be considered.D.Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies.E.But even 200 years ago,only a few people could live in cities.
F.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.
G.Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings. 题型:未知 难度:其他题型
答案
小题1:E
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:F
解析
本文为说明文,介绍了Urbanization(都市化)的形成与发展。小题1:解析:选E。文章一开始就提到绝大多数的人没有看到城市就死了。第一座城市很可能建于5 500年以前;后一句又提到:几乎每个人都住在农场或者小乡村里。因此中间要填的是E项:甚至是在200年以前,也只有少数的人生活在城市里。
小题2:解析:选D。文章第一段说英国是第一个成为城市化社会的国家。第二段接着说英国仅仅是个开始,这是因为许多别的工业国家也开始效仿英国,成为城市化的社会,因此D项为正确答案。
小题3:解析:选B。现在有超过82%的美国人住在城市里,大约有2%的人住在农场;剩下大约16%的人住在别的地方,即B项所描述的:其余的住在小城镇里。
小题4:解析:选A。上一句提到:即使在先进的农业社会,也需要大约95个农民养活5个城市人,这只有一个结果:这使得城市很小。
小题5:解析:选F。前一句提到:在过去的两百年里,工业革命打破了城乡之间的平衡。后一句提到:现在的情况不是需要95个农民养活5个城市人,在美国1个农民就能养活100多个非农民。那中间只能填F项:现代化把更多的人吸引到城市里来,使得农民更加多产。
考点
据考高分专家说,试题“Urbanization(2013·高考.....”主要考查你对 [社会现象类阅读 ]考点的理解。社会现象类阅读
社会现象类阅读概念:
这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题,显示其社会意义,一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。
社会现象类阅读解题技巧:
这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题,显示其社会意义,一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。阅读这类文章要理清思路。
1、浏览试题,明确要求。
在阅读文章前,最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章,可使思路更敏捷,而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。
2、通读全文,抓住主要内容。
在不影响理解的前提下,尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。阅读时,如遇到不熟悉的单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子,不要停下来苦思冥想,继续读下去,通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。
3、抓住中心思想和段落大意。
通读全文时,要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子,尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开头或结尾,插在中间的很少。所以,文章的第一段或开头的第一、二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述,因此要特别注意,彻底理解。
4、有针对性地仔细阅读,找寻所需信息。
在前面的基础上,可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过,而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读,还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来,逐条分析,综合判断,找出正确答案。
5、进行合理的推理判断。
对文章有了全面的了解之后,可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系,做出推理判断。在进行推理判断的时候,需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。
6、认真复读,验证答案。
要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目,研究其内在联系和逻辑关系,并依次审核那些还未打上的题目,确保理解无误。



