题文
There is some unwelcome news for students preparing for exams and officers putting in long hours-----you don't need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.Scientists have long assumed that willpower (意志力) is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and come back to a task when you're feeling better. They argued that the only way to restore willpower was by rest, food or entertainment.
But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They found that people's beliefs in willpower determine how long and how well they'll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. "If you think of willpower as something that's limited, you're more likely to be tired when you perform a difficult task," said Prof.Veronika Job. "'But if you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up, you can go on and on."
The researchers designed four experiments to test students'-beliefs in willpower. After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. They also found that leading up to final exam week, students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting temptation (诱惑).
Mr. Job said. "The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting, but it has had unintended consequences. Students who may already have trouble studying are being told that their power of concentration is limited, and they need to take frequent breaks. But a belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.'"
The findings could help people who are" battling temptation. Willpower isn't driven by a biologically based process as much as we used to think. The belief in it is what influences your behavior.
小题1:The theory that willpower is limited supports that _________. A．people must eat snacks when they feel tired B．people do need a break to restore their willpower C．there’s no way to strengthen people’s willpower D．weak willpower doesn’t affect people’s life much小题2:What have the scientists long believed regarding willpower? A．It is in the charge of people.B．It is a limited resource.C．There is no way to restore willpower.D．It doesn’t easily run out.小题3:Which of the following best helps the students to prepare better for their exams?A．Push themselves even if they want to take a break.B．Don’t eat fast food while studying.C．Remind themselves willpower is not limited.D．Stay in a comfortable and quiet place.小题4:The following groups can benefit from the findings exceptA．patients following strict dietsB．children liking to watch TVC．smokers trying to give up smokingD．employees facing a new but well-paid task小题5:What’s the best title for the passage? A．A new theory about willpowerB．How to build strong willpower C．The great influence of willpowerD．Willpower doesn’t last long 题型：未知 难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:B
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:A
解析
人们长久以来认为意志力是有限的，所以人们累了就需要休息，但是一项新的研究表明，人的意志力是无限的，这会导致人们更加专注，对于那些和诱惑做斗争的人，这个发现是很有用的。
小题1:细节题：从第二段的句子：They argued that the only way to restore willpower was by rest, food or entertainment.可知人们的意志力是有限的支持了：人们需要休息修复他们的意志力这种说法，选B
小题2:细节题：从文章第二段的句子：Scientists have long assumed that willpower (意志力) is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and come back to a task when you're feeling better.可知科学家长期以来认为意志力是一个有限的资源，选B
小题3:细节题：从文章第四段的句子：After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over.可知提醒孩子自己意志力不是有限的可以帮助他们更好的准备考试。选C
小题4:推理题：从最后一段的句子：The findings could help people who are" battling temptation.可知对那些要和诱惑作斗争的人来说，这项发现是有用的。所以遵循严格饮食计划的病人，喜欢看电视的孩子和想戒烟的抽烟者都可以从这项发现受益，而面对一个新的，但是报酬丰厚的任务的职员不能受益于这个发现。选D
小题5:标题确定题：从那个全篇文章和第一段的句子：There is some unwelcome news for students preparing for exams and officers putting in long hours-----you don't need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.可知文章介绍了一个关于意志力的新发现，所以A是最好的标题。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“There is some unwelc.....”主要考查你对 [科教类阅读 ]考点的理解。科教类阅读
科教类阅读的概念：
科教类阅读主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材，密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化，有关数据的来源真实可信。
科教类文章阅读技巧：
一、材料特点：
这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几个特点：
1、文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。
2、句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。
3、常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。
二、命题特点：
科普类阅读的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。
三、应对策略：
1、要想做好科普英语阅读理解题，同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。
2、要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Head line)，导语(Introduction)，背景(Back ground)，主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的高考情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。
3、在进行推理判断时，同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。
科普类阅读应试策略：
【命题趋势】
阅读理解题主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材，密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化，有关数据的来源真实可信。因此科普知识类文章是每年的必考题。分析历年的科普类文章我们不难发现以下特点：
1、文章逻辑性强，条理清楚，语法结构简单，用语通俗。
2、文章内容注重科技领域的新发现。内容新颖，从而使文章显得陌生，内容抽象复杂。
3、命题方面注意对具体细节的准确理解和以之为依据的推理判断。
4、以人们的日常行为或饮食健康入手，探讨利弊，诠释过程，阐述概念。
【应试对策】
许多考生在考试时感到困惑的是：为什么一些没有超越中学语法和词汇范围的篇章，读起来却不能正确理解，或者要花费很多时间才能读懂呢？这种现象的产生与阅读方法有很大的关系。例如，有的考生在考试时一见到文章就立刻开始读，结果读了半天，还不知道短文讲的是什么，试题要求了些什么，结果浪费了大量的时间，而阅读效果并不好。那么，怎样读效果才好呢？任何一种阅读方法或技巧的使用，都是由篇章特点和试题本身的要求决定的，应根据不同的体裁和试题要求采取不同的策略。
1、浏览。浏览的主要目的就是确定文章的体裁。如果文章属于人物传记、记叙文、故事、科普小品和有关社会文化、文史知识的文章，一般来说，应该先看看文章的试题考查内容，对题目类型做到心中有数，针对不同问题，在通读时有粗有细地去阅读，这样不仅能把握篇章的基本结构和逻辑线索，也能做好有关具体事实信息考查的试题。
2、挖掘寓意，掌握中心思想，推出结论。任何文章，作者在行文时都有一定的写作目的和主要话题。在通读篇章时应该吃透作者的写作意图，抓住文章的主题句，充分发挥自己的想象力和概括力，作出对中心思想的归纳和结论的推断。
3、把握篇章结构，利用上下文进行推测。高考中的阅读理解篇章往往是一个较完整的短文，其结构、思想，前后上下连贯统一。考试时应充分利用这一特点推测一些生词、短语在句中的含义，切莫盲目孤立猜测。
4、综观全篇，前后呼应。这是阅读理解的最后一步，在做完阅读理解题后，要立足于文章整体，再迅速读一遍短文，短文中的问题和答案的设置前后都是相关联的，有着一定的连续性，体现着文章的基本脉络。
