题文
Cloud seeding is a method of artificially causing clouds to produce precipitation (降水) in the form of rain or snow.Cloud seeding has also been used in attempts to modify the severity of hail storms and hurricanes.The effectiveness of cloud seeding remains controversial (有争议的).but it continues to be used in some regions to try to increase rainfall for agriculture and to build snow packs for water supplies and power production.Cloud seeding was developed by American scientists Irving Langmuir and Vincent Joseph Schaefer during and after World War II.Their work began as an effort to learn more about the buildup of ice on airplane wings, and eventually led them to attempt to create rainfall by releasing several pounds of crushed frozen carbon dioxide into a cloud from an airplane.In this form, the carbon dioxide is called dry ice.On November 13, 1946, the technique appeared to produce snow directly under the cloud; the snow then turned to rain as it fell to the ground.
For their experiment, Langmuir and Schaefer selected a supercooled cloud, one in which the water droplets remain liquid in subfreezing temperatures.Their theory was that small grains of dry ice falling through the cloud would cause tiny droplets of water vapor in the cloud to freeze into crystals that attracted more water vapor.Their theory proved to be correct and eventually the crystals became heavy enough to fall from the cloud as snow.As the snow reached the warmer temperatures closer to the ground, it melted and became rain.
Another scientist, Bernard Vonnegut, produced a method of cloud seeding using silver iodide (碘化银).He used particles of silver iodide because its crystal structure resembled that of ice in clouds.Silver
iodide also had practical advantages over frozen carbon dioxide It could be stored at room temperature
and did not require an airplane as a delivery mechanism.Instead, silver iodide crystals could be fired by
cannons (大炮) high into the air, where wind carried them into the clouds.
小题1:According to the text, Langmuir and Schaefer had intended to deal with__
A.how to freeze carbon dioxide
B.how to remove ice on plane wings
C.how to make weather forecast for the war
D how to hide planes in clouds at war
小题2:What is the CORRECT order of the course for cloud seeding with dry ice?
a.snow becoming rain in wanner temperatures b.crystals attracting more water vapor
c.crystals falling in the form of snow d.crystals becoming very heavy
e.freezing tiny droplets of water vapor into crystals
f.putting small grains of dry ice in the cloudA.a-c-f-d-b-eB.b-f-e-a-c-dC.f-e-b-d-c-aD.e-a-d-c-b-f小题3:Bernard chose silver iodide as a method of cloud seeding because___.A.it is much cheaper than dry iceB.it can be stored at any roomsC.it can be sent into clouds by windD.it is similar小题4:The best title for the passage may be "____".A.Cloud SeedingB.Artificial RainingC.Weather ChangingD.Cloud Gathering小题5:How many methods of cloud seeding are mentioned in the passage?A.three B.twoC.oneD.four 题型:未知 难度:其他题型
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:A
小题5:B
解析
文章介绍了催化云的方法的发明和云催化的两种方法(干冰和碘化银),还有具体的过程。
小题1:细节题:从文章第二段的句子:Cloud seeding was developed by American scientists Irving Langmuir and Vincent Joseph Schaefer during and after World War II.Their work began as an effort to learn more about the buildup of ice on airplane wings,可知Langmuir和 Schaefer 本打算处理飞机机翼上的冰。选B
小题2:细节题:从文章第三段的句子:Their theory was that small grains of dry ice falling through the cloud would cause tiny droplets of water vapor in the cloud to freeze into crystals that attracted more water vapor.Their theory proved to be correct and eventually the crystals became heavy enough to fall from the cloud as snow.As the snow reached the warmer temperatures closer to the ground, it melted and became rain.
可知用干冰催化的云的过程是:f.将干冰射入云层,e.将小的雨滴变成晶体b.晶体吸引更多的水, d.晶体变得更重,c.晶体以水的形式落下,a.在温暖的天气下雪变成雨,选C
小题3:细节题:从文章第四段的句子:He used particles of silver iodide because its crystal structure resembled that of ice in clouds.可知Bernard用碘化银催化云的方法因为它们很相似,选D
小题4:标题确定题:从文章的内容和第一段的句子:Cloud seeding is a method of artificially causing clouds to produce precipitation (降水) in the form of rain or snow.可知这篇文章讲的是云的催化。选A
小题5:细节题:从文章第三段和第四段的内容:可知提到两种催化云(干冰和碘化银)的方法,选B
考点
据考高分专家说,试题“Cloud seeding is a m.....”主要考查你对 [科教类阅读 ]考点的理解。科教类阅读
科教类阅读的概念:
科教类阅读主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材,密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化,有关数据的来源真实可信。
科教类文章阅读技巧:
一、材料特点:
这类文章的总体特点是:科技词汇多,句子结构复杂,理论性强,逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几个特点:
1、文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明,不带感情色彩,具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法,一词多义的现象也不多见。
2、句子结构较复杂,语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物,严密地表达自己的思想,作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。
3、常使用被动语态,尤其是一些惯用被动句式。
二、命题特点:
科普类阅读的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等,其中推理判断题居多。
三、应对策略:
1、要想做好科普英语阅读理解题,同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章,学习科普知识,积累常见的科普词汇,从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。
2、要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Head line),导语(Introduction),背景(Back ground),主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括,但根据历年的高考情况来看,这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题,而要同学们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述,这一部分命题往往最多,因此,阅读时,同学们要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括,并与导语相呼应,命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。
3、在进行推理判断时,同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据,同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。
科普类阅读应试策略:
【命题趋势】
阅读理解题主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材,密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化,有关数据的来源真实可信。因此科普知识类文章是每年的必考题。分析历年的科普类文章我们不难发现以下特点:
1、文章逻辑性强,条理清楚,语法结构简单,用语通俗。
2、文章内容注重科技领域的新发现。内容新颖,从而使文章显得陌生,内容抽象复杂。
3、命题方面注意对具体细节的准确理解和以之为依据的推理判断。
4、以人们的日常行为或饮食健康入手,探讨利弊,诠释过程,阐述概念。
【应试对策】
许多考生在考试时感到困惑的是:为什么一些没有超越中学语法和词汇范围的篇章,读起来却不能正确理解,或者要花费很多时间才能读懂呢?这种现象的产生与阅读方法有很大的关系。例如,有的考生在考试时一见到文章就立刻开始读,结果读了半天,还不知道短文讲的是什么,试题要求了些什么,结果浪费了大量的时间,而阅读效果并不好。那么,怎样读效果才好呢?任何一种阅读方法或技巧的使用,都是由篇章特点和试题本身的要求决定的,应根据不同的体裁和试题要求采取不同的策略。
1、浏览。浏览的主要目的就是确定文章的体裁。如果文章属于人物传记、记叙文、故事、科普小品和有关社会文化、文史知识的文章,一般来说,应该先看看文章的试题考查内容,对题目类型做到心中有数,针对不同问题,在通读时有粗有细地去阅读,这样不仅能把握篇章的基本结构和逻辑线索,也能做好有关具体事实信息考查的试题。
2、挖掘寓意,掌握中心思想,推出结论。任何文章,作者在行文时都有一定的写作目的和主要话题。在通读篇章时应该吃透作者的写作意图,抓住文章的主题句,充分发挥自己的想象力和概括力,作出对中心思想的归纳和结论的推断。
3、把握篇章结构,利用上下文进行推测。高考中的阅读理解篇章往往是一个较完整的短文,其结构、思想,前后上下连贯统一。考试时应充分利用这一特点推测一些生词、短语在句中的含义,切莫盲目孤立猜测。
4、综观全篇,前后呼应。这是阅读理解的最后一步,在做完阅读理解题后,要立足于文章整体,再迅速读一遍短文,短文中的问题和答案的设置前后都是相关联的,有着一定的连续性,体现着文章的基本脉络。



