BPlay is the basic business of childhood, and more and more in recent years res

题文

                        B
Play is the basic business of childhood, and more and more in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being．From earliest infancy （婴儿）, every child needs opportunity and the right material for play, and the main tools of play are toys．The main function of toys is to suggest, encourage and assist play．To succeed in this, they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again．Therefore, it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child’s development.
In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life．So a baby’s ability to benefit from the right play materials should not be underestimated．A baby who is encouraged, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully．
The next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds．Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws and construction toys; painting, scribbling and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others．
By the third stage of play development—from five to seven or eight years old— the child is at school．But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school．It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys．
Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a child．But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main source of learning．Toys are still interesting and valuable, which lead up to new hobbies, but their significance has changed —to a child of nine or ten years old, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.
小题1:60. The writer wants us to understand that a child_______.A．cannot grow up without toysB．matures through playC．uses toys as friendsD．has to be taught how to play小题2:61. According to the passage, the abilities a child has inherited from his parents ________.A．determine his characterB．will not change after the age of threeC．partly determine the standard he is likely to reachD．to a large extent determine the choice of toys小题3:62. The passage tells us that children are the most curious when they are about______.A．two years oldB．one year oldC．six years oldD．four years old小题4:63. The article is about_______.A．the importance of playB．the importance of booksC．the relationship between play and workD．children’s speech development 题型：未知 难度：其他题型

答案

小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:A

解析

试题分析
小题1:细节题题干：作者想让我们理解一个小孩___
选B（通过玩耍逐渐成长），答案依据：more and more in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being 重要作用其实就是通过玩耍逐渐成长（概念转换）
的考察对于细节题。应该确定答案出现的区域，进而从段位和段首往中间查找，缩小答案区域。最后进行句意或概念转换，通常在原文以原句或同义句形式出现。此题的答案在原文中以同义句形式出现。
小题2:细节和推理题干：根据本文可知，孩子从父母那里遗传而来的能力____
选C 答案依据：research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities ，is largely determined in the first three years of his life（概念转换，正反两面叙述同一问题）
A选项无中生有  B选项偷换概念 原文是：目前对婴儿成长研究报告表明：一个孩子可能会达到的标准，通常是指不超过自己从父母那里遗传来的能力范围内，很大程度上在3岁之前就已经决定了。反过来说：就是孩子从父母那里遗传来的能力在一定程度上决定了孩子可能达到的标准。D选项无中生有
对于细节题。应该确定答案出现的区域，进而从段位和段首往中间查找，缩小答案区域。最后进行句意或概念转换，通常在原文以原句或同义句形式出现。此题的答案在原文中以同义句形式出现。
小题3:细节题题干：文章告诉我们，儿童有很强的好奇心在他们____几岁时
选D 答案依据：The next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds
三到五岁，好奇心没有边界，说明儿童有很强的好奇心。
小题4:主旨题题干：这篇文章是关于____
通读全文可知，全篇文章都围绕玩耍和孩子的成长为中心展开，所以是玩耍的重要性。
考点;考察报告类短文
点评：该篇文章主要讲述了玩耍和儿童成长的重要性，多以细节题考察为主，作答时，应提高阅读的速度和寻找答案区域和缩写答案区域的能力。考生在作答此类型题，应以细节为主。

考点

据考高分专家说，试题“ BPlay is the basic .....”主要考查你对 [新闻报道类阅读 ]考点的理解。

新闻报道类阅读

新闻报道类阅读的概念：

阅读理解的选材明显地呈现出关注实际生活的趋势，这种趋势与当前基础教育改革的目标是一致的，而中学生学习语言的根本目标与基础教育学会求知，学会做事，学会合作，学会做人的目标是一致的，真实新颖的选材对基础英语教学课程改革具有重要的反作用。

新闻报道类阅读理解技巧点拨：       

        新闻报道类类文章有一共同特点，即都是由标题（Headline）、导语（Lead）、主体（Mainbody）、背景（Background）和结尾（End）五部分构成。标题是新闻报道中心思想高度而又精辟的概括；导语位于新闻报道的首段，高度概括新闻事实；主体则对导语概括的新闻事实进行详细叙述；新闻背景是指新闻事实之外，对新闻事实或新闻事实的某个部分进行解释或补充的材料；结尾往往是新闻事件的结果或动态展望，也是中心思想的概括并常常与新闻导语相呼应。
        新闻报道中的导语非常重要，它位于文章的第一段，通过它点出新闻的主题，五个W和一个H(When,Where,Who,What,Why和How)通常是构成一则完整消息不可缺少的要素。文章往往呈现出“倒金字塔”的特征，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。
       另外，从句的使用也是此类文章的一大语言特色，因为从句信息量大，适合新闻报道的要求。此外，大量的副词和插入语的使用也是此类文章的特点。为使文章更客观、更具信服力，常用The study said…, Scientists believe that…Experts said…, It's reported that…, According to the survey…等语言。同事在阅读过程中，我们要对材料所提供信息如when, where, who, how, why等进行提问，将信息迅速提炼出来。

新闻报道类阅读应试策略：

【命题趋势】
阅读理解的选材明显地呈现出关注实际生活的趋势，这种趋势与当前基础教育改革的目标是一致的，而中学生学习语言的根本目标与基础教育学会求知，学会做事，学会合作，学会做人的目标是一致的，真实新颖的选材对基础英语教学课程改革具有重要的反作用。时文报道就在文章中体现了这一要求。主要表现在以下几个方面：
1、反映海内外事件，文章结构严谨，内容贴近生活，用现代英语反映现代生活。
2、如果是新闻报道，都有比较固定的写作格式，如文首通常有报道的地点或时间，第一句话常常是文章的导语，有助于了解文章的大致内容和主题。
3、如果是新闻报道则是记叙文，有地点、时间、人物、事物等要素。
4、有许多大量反映当代社会变化的新词汇和表达方式。
5、命题既重细节，又重推理和主旨。
6、大背景中的小事件，大事件中的小插曲往往是选材的热点。
【应试对策】
1、在平时学习中，关注生活，阅读新闻报道和广告类文章、把阅读时事文章作为学习英语的重要途径。
2、了解新的词汇和表达方式。如：tsunami海啸，MP3players(MP3)播放器，well_offsociety小康社会等。
3、抓住文章主题，准确捕捉细节和内涵，进行合理的推理。
4、品味新闻的标题，联系平时所积累的知识，为了解材料大意作铺垫。
5、了解新闻报道的特殊规律，其内容和多含何人、何地、何事、何时等，阅读时要抓住新闻的这一主要特点去理解判断。
6、要注意文中以黑体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是材料的核心或至少是一部分内容的概括。