Hundreds of secondary schools are using a controversial reward scheme which “bri

题文

Hundreds of secondary schools are using a controversial reward scheme which “bribes” (贿赂)pupils with iPods and DVD players to turn up in classes and do homework.
Almost one million schoolchildren have been issued with supermarket-style reward cards which allow them to collect good-behavior “points” and cash them in for prizes.
Schools taking part in the “Vivo Miles” scheme are spending several thousand pounds a year in an attempt to cut truancy (逃学) and promote achievements. The prizes are ultimately funded by the taxpayer, through school budgets. Nearly 500 secondary schools, one in six, have decided to take part in the scheme, which is intended to replace old-style rewards such as stickers and golden stars.
But the extent of rewards being offered in schools brought a warning that a generation of children is growing up expecting to be rewarded at every stage. Many youngsters are collecting points for ordinary achievements such as remembering to bring their PE kit and wearing the correct uniform.
Under the scheme, teachers award Vivo points—worth 1 penny each—according to the school’s policy. Schools typically spend￡4 to￡6 on prizes per pupil each year, although some commit considerably more. Most pupils accumulate between 400 and 600 Vivos a year. Vivo Miles insists it is “pretty rare” for a pupil to accumulate enough points to buy an iPod, which requires 3,100 Vivos.
But Chris McGovern, chairman of the Campaign for Real Education, said the scheme amounted to “bribery”. “It misleads children into thinking anything which requires effort has to have a special reward,” he said. “This ‘all must have prizes’ view is damaging to children in the long-term.” The scheme amounted to an “admission of failure” by schools. He said. “It shows a school has failed to convince children education is important.”
小题1:The “Vivo Miles” scheme is aimed at ______________.A．increasing the income of the schoolB．encouraging students to perform well at school C．inviting more students to attend the school nearbyD．encouraging parents to donate to the school小题2:The underlined word “controversial” in the first paragraph can be replaced by __________.A．arguableB．practicalC．strangeD．mature小题3:Those who oppose the “Vivo Miles” scheme think ______________.A．it helps control the problem of truancyB．it teaches children the importance of savingC．it will mislead children about efforts and rewardsD．it’s not easy to get more than 600 Vivos a year小题4:What’s the writer’s attitude towards the scheme?A．Supportive.B．Opposed.C．Unconcerned.D．Objective. 题型：未知 难度：其他题型

答案

小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:B

解析

本文叙述了在英国进行的一项“Vivo Miles” scheme，是用奖励物质上的东西来鼓励学生认真学习，并描述了不同的人对此的不同态度。
小题1:B 推理题。根据第二段3,4行Schools taking part in the “Vivo Miles” scheme are spending several thousand pounds a year in an attempt to cut truancy (逃学) and promote achievements.说明学校用这种方法的目的是鼓励学生在学校有更好的表现，能提升他们的成就，故B正确。
小题2:A 推理题。通读全文可知对于这样的一个计划，有支持也有反对，所以Hundreds of secondary schools are using a controversial reward scheme指的该词是指有争议的。故A正确。
小题3:C 细节题。根据最后一段2,3行It misleads children into thinking anything which requires effort has to have a special reward,”说明他们认为这样的计划会误导学生关于努力和奖励的关系，认为自己的努力就是为了得到奖励。故C项正确。
小题4:D 态度意图题。在本文中作者只是客观的描绘了这样的情况，并没有方便自己的个人看法，所以他是持有一种很客观的态度，故D项正确。
点评：本文叙述了在英国进行的一项“Vivo Miles” scheme，是用奖励物质上的东西来鼓励学生认真学习，并描述了不同的人对此的不同态度。本文的难点在于词汇的障碍，要求考生能够在有部分不认识的单词的基础上理解文章的大意，做合理的推测和意义的延伸，做出正确的判断。

考点

据考高分专家说，试题“Hundreds of secondar.....”主要考查你对 [新闻报道类阅读 ]考点的理解。

新闻报道类阅读

新闻报道类阅读的概念：

阅读理解的选材明显地呈现出关注实际生活的趋势，这种趋势与当前基础教育改革的目标是一致的，而中学生学习语言的根本目标与基础教育学会求知，学会做事，学会合作，学会做人的目标是一致的，真实新颖的选材对基础英语教学课程改革具有重要的反作用。

新闻报道类阅读理解技巧点拨：       

        新闻报道类类文章有一共同特点，即都是由标题（Headline）、导语（Lead）、主体（Mainbody）、背景（Background）和结尾（End）五部分构成。标题是新闻报道中心思想高度而又精辟的概括；导语位于新闻报道的首段，高度概括新闻事实；主体则对导语概括的新闻事实进行详细叙述；新闻背景是指新闻事实之外，对新闻事实或新闻事实的某个部分进行解释或补充的材料；结尾往往是新闻事件的结果或动态展望，也是中心思想的概括并常常与新闻导语相呼应。
        新闻报道中的导语非常重要，它位于文章的第一段，通过它点出新闻的主题，五个W和一个H(When,Where,Who,What,Why和How)通常是构成一则完整消息不可缺少的要素。文章往往呈现出“倒金字塔”的特征，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。
       另外，从句的使用也是此类文章的一大语言特色，因为从句信息量大，适合新闻报道的要求。此外，大量的副词和插入语的使用也是此类文章的特点。为使文章更客观、更具信服力，常用The study said…, Scientists believe that…Experts said…, It's reported that…, According to the survey…等语言。同事在阅读过程中，我们要对材料所提供信息如when, where, who, how, why等进行提问，将信息迅速提炼出来。

新闻报道类阅读应试策略：

【命题趋势】
阅读理解的选材明显地呈现出关注实际生活的趋势，这种趋势与当前基础教育改革的目标是一致的，而中学生学习语言的根本目标与基础教育学会求知，学会做事，学会合作，学会做人的目标是一致的，真实新颖的选材对基础英语教学课程改革具有重要的反作用。时文报道就在文章中体现了这一要求。主要表现在以下几个方面：
1、反映海内外事件，文章结构严谨，内容贴近生活，用现代英语反映现代生活。
2、如果是新闻报道，都有比较固定的写作格式，如文首通常有报道的地点或时间，第一句话常常是文章的导语，有助于了解文章的大致内容和主题。
3、如果是新闻报道则是记叙文，有地点、时间、人物、事物等要素。
4、有许多大量反映当代社会变化的新词汇和表达方式。
5、命题既重细节，又重推理和主旨。
6、大背景中的小事件，大事件中的小插曲往往是选材的热点。
【应试对策】
1、在平时学习中，关注生活，阅读新闻报道和广告类文章、把阅读时事文章作为学习英语的重要途径。
2、了解新的词汇和表达方式。如：tsunami海啸，MP3players(MP3)播放器，well_offsociety小康社会等。
3、抓住文章主题，准确捕捉细节和内涵，进行合理的推理。
4、品味新闻的标题，联系平时所积累的知识，为了解材料大意作铺垫。
5、了解新闻报道的特殊规律，其内容和多含何人、何地、何事、何时等，阅读时要抓住新闻的这一主要特点去理解判断。
6、要注意文中以黑体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是材料的核心或至少是一部分内容的概括。